294
Conclusion
Several techniques for analysis and purification of proteins have been developed
and used for more than half a century and each has their own pros and cons. Recent
advances in protein analysis have been mainly on innovative instrumentation design
to optimize the procedures and to standardize methodology. However to draw a
comparison between the latest trends of protein estimation with the available one, it
is apt to say that due to the availability of newer proteins like therapeutic proteins,
the need for newer sophisticated methods like affinity and chromatographic techniques, that are constantly undergoing development and improvement have risen
which provides accuracy to the analysis of these micro molecules because of their
high sensitivity and resolution. Hence modern techniques are necessity for their
efficient analysis methodologies for sensitive molecules and to advent protein measurement beyond total nitrogen based methods.
Acknowledgments Authors are thankful to Department of Science and Technology Goverment
of India for providing INSPIRE Fellowship to Mehnaza Manzoor vide letter no. DST/INSPIRE
Fellowship/2017/IF170581.
References
Alomirah, H. F., Alli, I., & Konishi, Y. (2000). Applications of mass spectrometry to food proteins
and peptides. Journal of Chromatography. A, 893(1), 1–214.
Atherton, B. A., Cunningham, E. L., & Splittgerber, A. G. (1996). A mathematical model for
the description of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue protein assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 233,
160–168.
Barber, M., & Green, B. N. (1987). The analysis of small proteins in the molecular weight
range 10-24 kDa by magnetic sector mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass
Spectrometry, 1(5), 80–83.
Beavis, R. C., & Chait, B. T. (1989). Matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectrometry using
355 nm radiation. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 3(12), 436–439.
Beavis, R. C., Chaudhary, T., & Chait, B. T. (1992). α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix
for matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. Organic Mass Spectrometry, 27(2),
156–158.
Biemann, K. (2014). Laying the groundwork for proteomics: Mass spectrometry from 1958 to
1988. Journal of Proteomics, 107, 62–70.
Bonifacino, J. S., Dell’Angellica, E. C., & Springer, T. A. (2001). Immunoprecipitation. Current
Protocols in Immunology, 41, 8.3.1–8.3.28. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142735.im0803s41
Buyukkoroglu, G., Dora, D. D., Ozdemir, F., & Hizel, C. (2018). Techniques for protein analysis.
In D. Barh & V. Azevedo (Eds.), Omics technologies and bio-engineering: Towards improving
quality of life (Vol. 1, pp. 317–346). London, UK: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/
B978- 0- 12- 804659- 3.00015- 4
Buyukkoroglu, G., & Senel, B. (2018). Engineering monoclonal antibodies: Production and applications. In D. Barh & V. Azevedo (Eds.), Omics technologies and bio-engineering: Towards
improving quality of life (Vol. 1, pp. 353–385). London, UK: Academic Press. https://doi.
org/10.1016/B978- 0- 12- 804659- 3.00016- 6
M. Manzoor et al.
Conclusion
Several techniques for analysis and purification of proteins have been developed
and used for more than half a century and each has their own pros and cons. Recent
advances in protein analysis have been mainly on innovative instrumentation design
to optimize the procedures and to standardize methodology. However to draw a
comparison between the latest trends of protein estimation with the available one, it
is apt to say that due to the availability of newer proteins like therapeutic proteins,
the need for newer sophisticated methods like affinity and chromatographic techniques, that are constantly undergoing development and improvement have risen
which provides accuracy to the analysis of these micro molecules because of their
high sensitivity and resolution. Hence modern techniques are necessity for their
efficient analysis methodologies for sensitive molecules and to advent protein measurement beyond total nitrogen based methods.
Acknowledgments Authors are thankful to Department of Science and Technology Goverment
of India for providing INSPIRE Fellowship to Mehnaza Manzoor vide letter no. DST/INSPIRE
Fellowship/2017/IF170581.
References
Alomirah, H. F., Alli, I., & Konishi, Y. (2000). Applications of mass spectrometry to food proteins
and peptides. Journal of Chromatography. A, 893(1), 1–214.
Atherton, B. A., Cunningham, E. L., & Splittgerber, A. G. (1996). A mathematical model for
the description of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue protein assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 233,
160–168.
Barber, M., & Green, B. N. (1987). The analysis of small proteins in the molecular weight
range 10-24 kDa by magnetic sector mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass
Spectrometry, 1(5), 80–83.
Beavis, R. C., & Chait, B. T. (1989). Matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectrometry using
355 nm radiation. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 3(12), 436–439.
Beavis, R. C., Chaudhary, T., & Chait, B. T. (1992). α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix
for matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. Organic Mass Spectrometry, 27(2),
156–158.
Biemann, K. (2014). Laying the groundwork for proteomics: Mass spectrometry from 1958 to
1988. Journal of Proteomics, 107, 62–70.
Bonifacino, J. S., Dell’Angellica, E. C., & Springer, T. A. (2001). Immunoprecipitation. Current
Protocols in Immunology, 41, 8.3.1–8.3.28. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142735.im0803s41
Buyukkoroglu, G., Dora, D. D., Ozdemir, F., & Hizel, C. (2018). Techniques for protein analysis.
In D. Barh & V. Azevedo (Eds.), Omics technologies and bio-engineering: Towards improving
quality of life (Vol. 1, pp. 317–346). London, UK: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/
B978- 0- 12- 804659- 3.00015- 4
Buyukkoroglu, G., & Senel, B. (2018). Engineering monoclonal antibodies: Production and applications. In D. Barh & V. Azevedo (Eds.), Omics technologies and bio-engineering: Towards
improving quality of life (Vol. 1, pp. 353–385). London, UK: Academic Press. https://doi.
org/10.1016/B978- 0- 12- 804659- 3.00016- 6
M. Manzoor et al.