10
V. R. Nalule
climate change and energy transition activists; ban on funding for fossil
fuel projects just to mention but a few.
African countries, therefore, have to be aware of these threats and
respond accordingly through among others embracing more regional
cooperation to finance crucial fossil fuel projects in their countries;
setting up strategies that embrace renewable energy; investing more
in research and technology on the continent; adjusting the institutional and regulatory frameworks to be able to respond to these global
developments in energy transitions.
1.2.1 The Brief Situation of Hydrocarbons
in Developing Countries
As discussed in the previous section, hydrocarbons still have a crucial
role to play on the African continent, especially with respect to tackling energy access challenges and responding to the anticipated boom in
population growth, industrialisation and urbanisation. In the Table 1.1,
we briefly highlight the hydrocarbon situation in selected African countries. The main question to be considered here is, are hydrocarbons
still relevant in these countries? How does the decline in investment
in hydrocarbons likely to affect the economic and social situation of
developing countries? We also need to pay extra attention to the need
for more advanced technology aimed at reducing the negative impacts
associated with hydrocarbons.
23 For instance, coal is well known for its
massive negative environmental impacts. Nevertheless, just looking at the
data, we notice that as of 2018, there were 1,054,782 million tonnes
of coal reserves globally of which Asian countries such as India and
Indonesia contributed 9.6 and 3.5%, respectively; while African countries such as South Africa contributed 0.9%.
24 Countries across the globe
23 Coal, for instance, the technology aimed at reducing emissions include high efficiency, low
emissions (HELE) and carbon capture storage (CCS) emissions.
24 We note that other parts of the globe are also endowed with massive coal resources.
For instance, as of 2018, Europe accounted for 12.8% of the global coal reserves
while the Asia Pacific and North America accounted for 42.2 and 24.5%, respectively. See, BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 68th edition, 2019. Can be accessed
V. R. Nalule
climate change and energy transition activists; ban on funding for fossil
fuel projects just to mention but a few.
African countries, therefore, have to be aware of these threats and
respond accordingly through among others embracing more regional
cooperation to finance crucial fossil fuel projects in their countries;
setting up strategies that embrace renewable energy; investing more
in research and technology on the continent; adjusting the institutional and regulatory frameworks to be able to respond to these global
developments in energy transitions.
1.2.1 The Brief Situation of Hydrocarbons
in Developing Countries
As discussed in the previous section, hydrocarbons still have a crucial
role to play on the African continent, especially with respect to tackling energy access challenges and responding to the anticipated boom in
population growth, industrialisation and urbanisation. In the Table 1.1,
we briefly highlight the hydrocarbon situation in selected African countries. The main question to be considered here is, are hydrocarbons
still relevant in these countries? How does the decline in investment
in hydrocarbons likely to affect the economic and social situation of
developing countries? We also need to pay extra attention to the need
for more advanced technology aimed at reducing the negative impacts
associated with hydrocarbons.
23 For instance, coal is well known for its
massive negative environmental impacts. Nevertheless, just looking at the
data, we notice that as of 2018, there were 1,054,782 million tonnes
of coal reserves globally of which Asian countries such as India and
Indonesia contributed 9.6 and 3.5%, respectively; while African countries such as South Africa contributed 0.9%.
24 Countries across the globe
23 Coal, for instance, the technology aimed at reducing emissions include high efficiency, low
emissions (HELE) and carbon capture storage (CCS) emissions.
24 We note that other parts of the globe are also endowed with massive coal resources.
For instance, as of 2018, Europe accounted for 12.8% of the global coal reserves
while the Asia Pacific and North America accounted for 42.2 and 24.5%, respectively. See, BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 68th edition, 2019. Can be accessed