6 The Status and Future of Charcoal in the Energy …
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flame curtain kilns to other production methods. Biomass and Bioenergy,
101, 35–43.
Asfaw, A., & Demissie, Y. (2012). Sustainable household energy for Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. Consilience, 8, 1–11.
Bailis, R., Rujanavech, C., Dwivedi, P. D., Chang, H., & de Miranda, R.
(2013). Innovation in charcoal production: A comparative life-cycle assessment of two kiln technologies in Brazil. Energy for Sustainable Development,
17 (2), 189–200.
Beard, N. (2014, August 19). How biomass charcoal could help save Ugandan
forests. Retrieved from www.unreasonablegroup.com: https://unreasonable
group.com/articles/africa-series-green-bio/.
Bekele, M., & Girmay, Z. (2013). Reading through the charcoal industry
in Ethiopia: Production, marketing, consumption and impact. Addis Ababa:
Forum for Social Studies.
Ben-Iwo, J., Manovic, V., & Longhurst, P. (2016). Biomass resources and
biofuels potential for the production of transportation fuels in Nigeria.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 63, 172–192.
Branch, A., & Martiniello, G. (2018). Charcoal power: The political violence
of non-fossil fuel in Uganda. Geoforum, 97 , 242–252.
Bromley, D. W., & Reis, E. J. (1999). Deforestation—Institutional causes
and solutions. In J. Uusivuori. & M. Palo (Ed.), World forests, society and
environment: World forests (Vol. 1). Dordrecht: Springer.
Butz, R. J. (2013). Changing land management: A case study of charcoal
production among a group of pastoral women in Northern Tanzania. Energy
for Sustainable Development, 17 (2), 138–145.
Chidumayo, E. N., & Gumbo, D. J. (2013). The environmental impacts of
charcoal production in tropical ecosystems of the world: A synthesis. Energy
for Sustainable Development, 17 (2), 86–94.
Contu, S. (2012). Acacia bussei: The IUCN red list of threatened species
2012. Retrieved from e.T19892420A19997688: https://dx.doi.org/10.
2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19892420A19997688.en.
Cotton, M., Kirshner, J., & Salite, D. (2019). The political economy of electricity
access: Lessons from Mozambique. Oxford: Oxford Policy Management.
Cusick, S. E., Jaramillo, G. E., Moody, E., Ssemata, A. S., Bitwayi, D.,
Lund, T., & Mupere, E. (2018). Assessment of blood levels of heavy metals
including lead and manganese in healthy children living in the Katanga
settlement of Kampala. Uganda. BMC Public Health, 18, 717.
223
Andreas, B. S., Magnus, S., Hans Peter, S., & Gerard, C. (2017). Life-cycle
assessment of biochar production systems in tropical rural areas: Comparing
flame curtain kilns to other production methods. Biomass and Bioenergy,
101, 35–43.
Asfaw, A., & Demissie, Y. (2012). Sustainable household energy for Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. Consilience, 8, 1–11.
Bailis, R., Rujanavech, C., Dwivedi, P. D., Chang, H., & de Miranda, R.
(2013). Innovation in charcoal production: A comparative life-cycle assessment of two kiln technologies in Brazil. Energy for Sustainable Development,
17 (2), 189–200.
Beard, N. (2014, August 19). How biomass charcoal could help save Ugandan
forests. Retrieved from www.unreasonablegroup.com: https://unreasonable
group.com/articles/africa-series-green-bio/.
Bekele, M., & Girmay, Z. (2013). Reading through the charcoal industry
in Ethiopia: Production, marketing, consumption and impact. Addis Ababa:
Forum for Social Studies.
Ben-Iwo, J., Manovic, V., & Longhurst, P. (2016). Biomass resources and
biofuels potential for the production of transportation fuels in Nigeria.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 63, 172–192.
Branch, A., & Martiniello, G. (2018). Charcoal power: The political violence
of non-fossil fuel in Uganda. Geoforum, 97 , 242–252.
Bromley, D. W., & Reis, E. J. (1999). Deforestation—Institutional causes
and solutions. In J. Uusivuori. & M. Palo (Ed.), World forests, society and
environment: World forests (Vol. 1). Dordrecht: Springer.
Butz, R. J. (2013). Changing land management: A case study of charcoal
production among a group of pastoral women in Northern Tanzania. Energy
for Sustainable Development, 17 (2), 138–145.
Chidumayo, E. N., & Gumbo, D. J. (2013). The environmental impacts of
charcoal production in tropical ecosystems of the world: A synthesis. Energy
for Sustainable Development, 17 (2), 86–94.
Contu, S. (2012). Acacia bussei: The IUCN red list of threatened species
2012. Retrieved from e.T19892420A19997688: https://dx.doi.org/10.
2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19892420A19997688.en.
Cotton, M., Kirshner, J., & Salite, D. (2019). The political economy of electricity
access: Lessons from Mozambique. Oxford: Oxford Policy Management.
Cusick, S. E., Jaramillo, G. E., Moody, E., Ssemata, A. S., Bitwayi, D.,
Lund, T., & Mupere, E. (2018). Assessment of blood levels of heavy metals
including lead and manganese in healthy children living in the Katanga
settlement of Kampala. Uganda. BMC Public Health, 18, 717.