Fig. 1, the offset value has been chosen to reach 65% of porosity
for all the porous structures designed and built by SL.
4. The generated CAD files can be then converted into STL files
using computer-aided design software (e.g., Rhinoceros3D,
McNeel). Volume scaffolds in cubic shape have been fixed to
10 Â 10 Â 10 mm
3 for the TPMS scaffolds shown in Fig. 1.
5. EnvisionTec Perfactory RP2.0 software is used to slice the 3D
CAD files in multiple layers that are sequentially fabricated by
photocrosslinking.
3.5 Preparation
of TPMS Scaffolds by
Stereolithography
Of crucial importance in the development of precise 3D scaffold
structure are not only the designed models imagined but also the
types of biomaterials employed as they influence the fabrication and
the properties of the fabricated 3D objects. To be used in SL, the
resins should rapidly solidify upon illumination with light. In addition, SL is recognized for its high accuracy and resolution in terms
of fabrication, and therefore it is necessary to develop a calibration
procedure of the apparatus for each new resin batch.
1. Digital light processing (DLP) SL with a top-down approach is
used to fabricate the different TPMS scaffolds. SL apparatus is
equipped with a digital mirror device allowing projections of
1280 Â 1024 pixels, each measuring 16 Â 16 μm
2 . The wavelength of the blue light irradiation ranges from 400 to 550 nm,
with a peak at 440 nm.
2. For appropriate use with SL, the resin should be liquid or semiviscous in order to ensure the transfer from liquid to a crosslinked solid. Hence, adjust resin viscosity by diluting it with a
nontoxic solvent such as propylene carbonate (for both types of
resin PTMC and PDLLA) in mass proportion 25 wt%.
3. In order to initiate the photopolymerization, a photoinitiator
with a decomposition wavelength in adequacy with the light
irradiation of the machine (see Note 10). Add Lucirin TPO-L
photoinitiator (5 wt% relative to the macromer) and Orasol
Orange dye (0.15 wt% relative to the macromer) to control
the penetration depth of blue light. The resin is then dark
orange (see Note 11).
4. Top-down approach of fabrication implies fixation of the first
layer of the building to a glass support platform. The first layer
is therefore solidified and attached to the platform by photocrosslinking. After photopolymerization of the first layer, the
platform is moved away from the surface, and the liquid/
viscous resin should then refill the space in order to allow the
curing of the second layer. The layer-by-layer procedure continues until the complete fabrication of the designed structure (see Note 12).
26
Sebastien B. G. Blanquer and Dirk W. Grijpma
for all the porous structures designed and built by SL.
4. The generated CAD files can be then converted into STL files
using computer-aided design software (e.g., Rhinoceros3D,
McNeel). Volume scaffolds in cubic shape have been fixed to
10 Â 10 Â 10 mm
3 for the TPMS scaffolds shown in Fig. 1.
5. EnvisionTec Perfactory RP2.0 software is used to slice the 3D
CAD files in multiple layers that are sequentially fabricated by
photocrosslinking.
3.5 Preparation
of TPMS Scaffolds by
Stereolithography
Of crucial importance in the development of precise 3D scaffold
structure are not only the designed models imagined but also the
types of biomaterials employed as they influence the fabrication and
the properties of the fabricated 3D objects. To be used in SL, the
resins should rapidly solidify upon illumination with light. In addition, SL is recognized for its high accuracy and resolution in terms
of fabrication, and therefore it is necessary to develop a calibration
procedure of the apparatus for each new resin batch.
1. Digital light processing (DLP) SL with a top-down approach is
used to fabricate the different TPMS scaffolds. SL apparatus is
equipped with a digital mirror device allowing projections of
1280 Â 1024 pixels, each measuring 16 Â 16 μm
2 . The wavelength of the blue light irradiation ranges from 400 to 550 nm,
with a peak at 440 nm.
2. For appropriate use with SL, the resin should be liquid or semiviscous in order to ensure the transfer from liquid to a crosslinked solid. Hence, adjust resin viscosity by diluting it with a
nontoxic solvent such as propylene carbonate (for both types of
resin PTMC and PDLLA) in mass proportion 25 wt%.
3. In order to initiate the photopolymerization, a photoinitiator
with a decomposition wavelength in adequacy with the light
irradiation of the machine (see Note 10). Add Lucirin TPO-L
photoinitiator (5 wt% relative to the macromer) and Orasol
Orange dye (0.15 wt% relative to the macromer) to control
the penetration depth of blue light. The resin is then dark
orange (see Note 11).
4. Top-down approach of fabrication implies fixation of the first
layer of the building to a glass support platform. The first layer
is therefore solidified and attached to the platform by photocrosslinking. After photopolymerization of the first layer, the
platform is moved away from the surface, and the liquid/
viscous resin should then refill the space in order to allow the
curing of the second layer. The layer-by-layer procedure continues until the complete fabrication of the designed structure (see Note 12).
26
Sebastien B. G. Blanquer and Dirk W. Grijpma