confocal microscopy................................. 152, 153
general lab equipment ...................................... 151
hydrogel coating ...................................... 156, 157
hydrogel preparation......................................... 155
hydrogel solution ..................................... 151, 152
mechanical and microscopic characterization,
constructs..................................................... 158
secondary seeding of cells................................. 156
3D printing........................................................ 151
methods
scaffold design .......................................... 153, 154
scaffold fabrication ............................................ 155
multicomponent biomaterials ....................... 150, 151
solid hydrogels ........................................................ 150
3D bioprinting ........................................................ 150
Synthesized macromer resins.......................................... 24
Synthetic polymers ........................................................ 103
SysEng BioScaffolder ......................................... 83, 87, 89
T
Thermogels.................................................................... 139
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)................................ 92
Thermoplastic-based scaffolds........................................ 82
3D bioprinting
alginate hydrogel and cross-linking reagents 144, 145
bioextrusion............................................................. 143
CAD......................................................................... 150
cell-laden alginate hydrogel .................................... 146
complex vascularized tissues
cell and tissue cultures ............................. 165, 167
cell viability ............................................... 165, 169
GelMA synthesis....................................... 165, 166
general equipment ............................................ 164
GM-HA synthesis..................................... 164, 166
immunofluorescence staining ..........165, 169, 170
LAP synthesis ............................................165–167
μCOB system setup..........................165, 167, 168
3D bioprinting, vascularized tissues ....... 168, 169
and design, alginate hydrogel structures ............... 145
equipment and consumables ......................... 144, 145
live and dead cell assay ............................................ 146
procedure........................................................ 145, 146
regenerative medicine ............................................. 149
strategies .................................................................. 150
tissue engineering.................................................... 143
3D cell-laden constructs .....................137, 138, 140, 141
3D-fiber deposition (3DF) ............ 77, 79, 81, 82, 89, 96
Tissue engineering (TE) .......................45, 55, 56, 75, 77
biological substitutes............................................... 163
bottlenecks............................................................... 163
CAWS (see Computer-aided wet-spinning (CAWS))
Topological optimization strategy ................................... 4
Trimethylene carbonate (TMC)..................................... 20
Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS)
biodegradable and biocompatible three-armed
oligomers ................................................. 22–23
CAD.....................................................................24, 26
minimal surface energy ............................................. 20
photocrosslinking assays ........................................... 24
photosensitive resin precursor ............................ 23–24
porous architecture .............................................20, 24
protocols .................................................................... 20
scaffold design .............................................. 19, 20, 24
SL (see Stereolithography (SL))
trigonometric equations ........................................... 24
V
Vasculature............................................................ 163, 168
188
COMPUTER-AIDED TISSUE ENGINEERING: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
Index