762
L. Rozhdestvenska et al.
Fig. 1 TEM image of HZD–GO composite (a), SEM image of the outer surface of the modified
composite membrane (b, c)
is several hundred nanometers and even up to 1 µm, are also visible (Fig. 1b, c).
They evidently block structure defects of the polymer. Obviously, these formations
are splices of the primary particles of the composite.
5 Diffusion of Li + and Na + Ions
The change in membrane permeability was estimated taking into consideration the
diffusion of Li
+ and Na
+ ions since GO shows mainly cation exchange properties
[65] enhancing cation exchangeability of HZD-based composite [63]. The flux of
ions from the salt solution to deionized water is observed. The diffusion coefficient
can be calculated after the steady state, which corresponds to the constant flux:
dC i
dt
= D i
d
2 C
dx 2 ,
(2)
L. Rozhdestvenska et al.
Fig. 1 TEM image of HZD–GO composite (a), SEM image of the outer surface of the modified
composite membrane (b, c)
is several hundred nanometers and even up to 1 µm, are also visible (Fig. 1b, c).
They evidently block structure defects of the polymer. Obviously, these formations
are splices of the primary particles of the composite.
5 Diffusion of Li + and Na + Ions
The change in membrane permeability was estimated taking into consideration the
diffusion of Li
+ and Na
+ ions since GO shows mainly cation exchange properties
[65] enhancing cation exchangeability of HZD-based composite [63]. The flux of
ions from the salt solution to deionized water is observed. The diffusion coefficient
can be calculated after the steady state, which corresponds to the constant flux:
dC i
dt
= D i
d
2 C
dx 2 ,
(2)