Synthesis of HA–Collagen and HA–Collagen–Alginate Nanocomposites
717
pores that will play a positive role in the processes of dissolution and regeneration
when the balls get into bone tissue defects.
3 Conclusions
Synthesis of HA and its composites is carried out in a simple way by the saccharine
method. Pure hydroxyapatite and two types of nanocomposites based on it have been
synthesized—HA–collagen and HA–collagen–alginate. X-ray analysis established
the pure phase of hydroxyapatite in all cases. IR spectroscopy indicates the chemical
bond between collagen and HA. The presence of the carbonate ions in the HA
structure was also found, which are characteristic of B-type hydroxyapatite. Scanning
electron microscopy for HA, HA–collagen, and HA–collagen–alginate showed that
aggregates with size 100–300 µm are characteristic for HA, 50–250 µm for HA–
collagen, and aggregates of the HA–collagen–alginate composite have pores and are
characterized by diameter 50–250 µm. This indicates a smaller size of HA aggregates
in the composite, and alginate usage allows the production of composites that will
better dissolve when they reach bone defects. All results are in good agreement with
each other.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the Faculty of Physical Engineering of National Technical
University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» for their support in conducting
this research.
References
1. Corno M, Orlando R, Civalleri B et al (2007) Periodic B3LYP study of hydroxyapatite (001)
surface modelled by thin layer slabs. Eur J Mineral 5(19):757–767
2. Kay MI, Young RA, Posner AS (1964) Crystal structure of hydroxyapatite. Nature 204:1050–
1052
3. Kramer E, Podurgiel J, Wei M (2014) Control of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle morphology
using wet synthesis techniques: reactant addition rate effects. J Mater Lett 131:145–147
4. Abidi SA, Murtaza Q (2013) Synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite powder
using wet chemical precipitation reaction. J Mater Sci Technol 30:307–310
5. Orlovskii VP, Komlev VS, Barinov SM (2002) Hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-based
ceramics. Inorg Mater 38(10):973–984
6. Liu D-M, Troczynski T, Tseng WJ (2001) Water-based sol–gel synthesis of hydroxyapatite:
process development. Biomaterials 22(13):1721–1730
7. Pramanik S, Agarwal AK, Rai KN (2007) Development of high strength hydroxyapatite by
solid-state-sintering process. Ceram Int 33(3):419–426
8. Riman RE, Suchanek WL, Byrappa K et al (2002) Solution synthesis of hydroxyapatite designer
particulates. Solid State Ionics 151(1–4):393–402
9. Varma HK, Kalkura SN, Sivakumar R (1998) Polymeric precursor route for the preparation of
calcium phosphate compounds. Ceram Int 24(6):467–470
717
pores that will play a positive role in the processes of dissolution and regeneration
when the balls get into bone tissue defects.
3 Conclusions
Synthesis of HA and its composites is carried out in a simple way by the saccharine
method. Pure hydroxyapatite and two types of nanocomposites based on it have been
synthesized—HA–collagen and HA–collagen–alginate. X-ray analysis established
the pure phase of hydroxyapatite in all cases. IR spectroscopy indicates the chemical
bond between collagen and HA. The presence of the carbonate ions in the HA
structure was also found, which are characteristic of B-type hydroxyapatite. Scanning
electron microscopy for HA, HA–collagen, and HA–collagen–alginate showed that
aggregates with size 100–300 µm are characteristic for HA, 50–250 µm for HA–
collagen, and aggregates of the HA–collagen–alginate composite have pores and are
characterized by diameter 50–250 µm. This indicates a smaller size of HA aggregates
in the composite, and alginate usage allows the production of composites that will
better dissolve when they reach bone defects. All results are in good agreement with
each other.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the Faculty of Physical Engineering of National Technical
University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» for their support in conducting
this research.
References
1. Corno M, Orlando R, Civalleri B et al (2007) Periodic B3LYP study of hydroxyapatite (001)
surface modelled by thin layer slabs. Eur J Mineral 5(19):757–767
2. Kay MI, Young RA, Posner AS (1964) Crystal structure of hydroxyapatite. Nature 204:1050–
1052
3. Kramer E, Podurgiel J, Wei M (2014) Control of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle morphology
using wet synthesis techniques: reactant addition rate effects. J Mater Lett 131:145–147
4. Abidi SA, Murtaza Q (2013) Synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite powder
using wet chemical precipitation reaction. J Mater Sci Technol 30:307–310
5. Orlovskii VP, Komlev VS, Barinov SM (2002) Hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-based
ceramics. Inorg Mater 38(10):973–984
6. Liu D-M, Troczynski T, Tseng WJ (2001) Water-based sol–gel synthesis of hydroxyapatite:
process development. Biomaterials 22(13):1721–1730
7. Pramanik S, Agarwal AK, Rai KN (2007) Development of high strength hydroxyapatite by
solid-state-sintering process. Ceram Int 33(3):419–426
8. Riman RE, Suchanek WL, Byrappa K et al (2002) Solution synthesis of hydroxyapatite designer
particulates. Solid State Ionics 151(1–4):393–402
9. Varma HK, Kalkura SN, Sivakumar R (1998) Polymeric precursor route for the preparation of
calcium phosphate compounds. Ceram Int 24(6):467–470