Structure and Properties of Polyaniline Micro- and Nano …
519
Table 1 Specific conductivity and polymer yield by weight for polyaniline–metal composites
Content of composite Polymer yield,
η, wt%
Specific conductivity,
σ × 10 −3 , S/cm
The size of the globules, μm
(according to SEM)
PAn-Au
79.5
61 ± 3.2
16
PAn-Pt
64.2
75 ± 4.1
35
PAn-Pd
67.3
13 ± 0.9
–
PAn-Ag
58.5
16 ± 0.8
50
Pan
55.2
36 ± 2.1
–
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110120130
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2
1
Intensity
2
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110120 130
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
2
1
Intensity
b
a
Fig. 12 Diffraction patterns of PAn (1, a, b), PAn-Au composite (2, a), PAn-Pt composite (2, b)
semi-amorphic reflexes from PAn (which practically are not offset in angles 2θ and
intensities). There are no other additional peaks in the case of the PAn-Au samples.
Namely, we can assume that a mechanical mixture of polyaniline with gold formed.
The diffraction pattern of PAn-Pt sample (Fig. 12b) identifies halo from polyaniline. There are no reflexes of the cubic face-centered lattice of platinum. Obviously,
the platinum in it is in a completely amorphous state (particle size of the grains of
its phase <~ 20 Å.
The diffraction pattern of PAn-Pd sample (Fig. 13a) shows well-formed reflexes,
which obviously belong to the individual phase of Pd x ((C 6 H 7 N) n ) y . The degree of
crystallinity of the sample is good, although the high background line and its nature
(coincidence with the halo for pure PAn) indicate the presence of a semi-amorphic
component in the sample. Analytical indexing of the diffraction maxima indicated
that the new compound crystallized in monoclinic synonymy, with the parameters
of the unit cell a = 23.066(9), b = 4.757(2), c = 6.063(2) Å, β = 95.04(3)°, V =
662.77 Å
3 . Possible space groups are C2, Cm, C2/m abo P2 1 /a.
The diffraction pattern of PAn-Ag sample (see Fig. 13b) clearly identifies the silver
phase: the space group Fm-3m, structural type of copper, specified elementary cell
parameter a = 4,0858(4) Å, elementary cell volume V = 68,207(12) Å
3 (according
to accepted standard literary data a = 4,0857 Å for Ag). The average size of coherent
519
Table 1 Specific conductivity and polymer yield by weight for polyaniline–metal composites
Content of composite Polymer yield,
η, wt%
Specific conductivity,
σ × 10 −3 , S/cm
The size of the globules, μm
(according to SEM)
PAn-Au
79.5
61 ± 3.2
16
PAn-Pt
64.2
75 ± 4.1
35
PAn-Pd
67.3
13 ± 0.9
–
PAn-Ag
58.5
16 ± 0.8
50
Pan
55.2
36 ± 2.1
–
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110120130
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2
1
Intensity
2
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110120 130
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
2
1
Intensity
b
a
Fig. 12 Diffraction patterns of PAn (1, a, b), PAn-Au composite (2, a), PAn-Pt composite (2, b)
semi-amorphic reflexes from PAn (which practically are not offset in angles 2θ and
intensities). There are no other additional peaks in the case of the PAn-Au samples.
Namely, we can assume that a mechanical mixture of polyaniline with gold formed.
The diffraction pattern of PAn-Pt sample (Fig. 12b) identifies halo from polyaniline. There are no reflexes of the cubic face-centered lattice of platinum. Obviously,
the platinum in it is in a completely amorphous state (particle size of the grains of
its phase <~ 20 Å.
The diffraction pattern of PAn-Pd sample (Fig. 13a) shows well-formed reflexes,
which obviously belong to the individual phase of Pd x ((C 6 H 7 N) n ) y . The degree of
crystallinity of the sample is good, although the high background line and its nature
(coincidence with the halo for pure PAn) indicate the presence of a semi-amorphic
component in the sample. Analytical indexing of the diffraction maxima indicated
that the new compound crystallized in monoclinic synonymy, with the parameters
of the unit cell a = 23.066(9), b = 4.757(2), c = 6.063(2) Å, β = 95.04(3)°, V =
662.77 Å
3 . Possible space groups are C2, Cm, C2/m abo P2 1 /a.
The diffraction pattern of PAn-Ag sample (see Fig. 13b) clearly identifies the silver
phase: the space group Fm-3m, structural type of copper, specified elementary cell
parameter a = 4,0858(4) Å, elementary cell volume V = 68,207(12) Å
3 (according
to accepted standard literary data a = 4,0857 Å for Ag). The average size of coherent