482
B. M. Gorelov et al.
53. Kao K (2004) Dielectric phenomena in solids, chapt 2, 1st ed. Academic Press, p 579
54. Putz KW, Palmeri MJ, Cohn RB, Andrews R, Brinson LC (2008) Effect of cross-link density on
interphase creation in polymer nanocomposites. Macromolecules 41(18):6752–6756. https://
doi.org/10.1021/ma800830p
55. Oldham KB (2008) A Guoy-Chapman-Stern model of a double layer at a (metal)/(ionic liquid)
interface. J Electroanal Chem 613(2):131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.10.017
56. Zhang H, Hassanali AA, Shin Y, Knight C, Singer SJ (2011) The water–amorphous silica
interface: analysis of the Stern layer and surface conduction. J Chem Phys 134(2):024705.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3510536
57. Roy M, Nelson JK, MacCrone RK, Schadler LS, Reed CW, Keefe R (2005) Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics-the role of the interface. IEEE Trans DEI 12(4):629–643. https://doi.org/10.
1109/TDEI.2005.1511089
58. Mikolajczak G, Cavaille JY, Johari GP (1987) Dynamic mechanical behaviour and its dependence on preparation method of structural epoxide resin. Polymer 28(12):2023–2031. https://
doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(87)90036-X
59. Ochi M, Okazaki M, Shimbo M (1982) Mechanical relaxation mechanism of epoxide resins
cured with aliphatic diamines. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 20(4):689–699. https://doi.org/
10.1002/pol.1982.180200411
60. Ochi M, Iesako H, Shimbo M (1986) Relaxation mechanism of epoxide resin cured with acid
anhydrides. III. Effect of alkyl side chains on mechanical and dielectric β relaxations. J Polym
Sci Part B Polym Phys 24(6):1271–1282. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090240607
61. Ochi M, Shimbo M, Saga M, Takashima N (1986) Mechanical and dielectric relaxations of
epoxide resins containing spiro-ring structure. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 24(10):2185–
2195. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090241003
62. Ochi M, Yoshizumi M, Shimbo M (1987) Mechanical and dielectric relaxations of epoxide
resins containing the spiro-ring structure. II. Effect of the introduction of methoxy branches
on low-temperature relaxations of epoxide resins. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 25(9):1817–
1827. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1987.090250903
63. Mangion MBM, Johari GP (1990) Relaxations of thermosets. III. Sub-Tg dielectric relaxations
of bisphenol-A–based epoxide cured with different cross-linking agents. J Polym Sci Part B
Polym Phys 28(1):71–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090280106
64. Hassan M, Tucker S, Abukmail A, Wiggins J, Mauritz K (2016) Polymer chain dynamics in
epoxy based composites as investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Arabian J Chem
9(2):305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.07.016
65. Schatzki TF (1962) Statistical computation of distribution functions of dimensions of
macromolecules. J Poly Sci 57(165):337–356. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205716526
66. Sahagun C, Morgan S (2012) Thermal control of nanostructure and molecular network development in epoxy-amine thermosets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4(2):564–572. https://doi.org/
10.1021/am201515y
67. Sahagun CM, Knauer KM, Morgan SE (2012) Molecular network development and evolution of
nanoscale morphology in an epoxy-amine thermoset polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 126(4):1394–
1405. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.36763
68. Haba D, Kaufmann J, Brunner AJ, Resch K, Teichert C (2014) Observation of elastic modulus
inhomogeneities in thermosetting epoxies using AFM and discerning facts and artifacts.
Polymer 55(16):4032–4040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.030
69. Morsch S, LiuY Lyon S, Gibbon S (2016) Insights into epoxy network nanostructural heterogeneity using AFM-IR. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(1):959–966. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs
ami.5b10767
70. Morsch S, LiuY Greensmith P, Lyon SB, Gibbon SR (2017) Molecularly controlled epoxy
network nanostructures. Polymer 108:146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.050
71. Hill NE (1969) Theoretical treatment of permittivity and loss. In Dielectric properties and
molecular behavior. Van Nostrand series in physical chemistry Series in Physical Chemistry,
Van Nostrand Reinhold, p 480
B. M. Gorelov et al.
53. Kao K (2004) Dielectric phenomena in solids, chapt 2, 1st ed. Academic Press, p 579
54. Putz KW, Palmeri MJ, Cohn RB, Andrews R, Brinson LC (2008) Effect of cross-link density on
interphase creation in polymer nanocomposites. Macromolecules 41(18):6752–6756. https://
doi.org/10.1021/ma800830p
55. Oldham KB (2008) A Guoy-Chapman-Stern model of a double layer at a (metal)/(ionic liquid)
interface. J Electroanal Chem 613(2):131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.10.017
56. Zhang H, Hassanali AA, Shin Y, Knight C, Singer SJ (2011) The water–amorphous silica
interface: analysis of the Stern layer and surface conduction. J Chem Phys 134(2):024705.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3510536
57. Roy M, Nelson JK, MacCrone RK, Schadler LS, Reed CW, Keefe R (2005) Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics-the role of the interface. IEEE Trans DEI 12(4):629–643. https://doi.org/10.
1109/TDEI.2005.1511089
58. Mikolajczak G, Cavaille JY, Johari GP (1987) Dynamic mechanical behaviour and its dependence on preparation method of structural epoxide resin. Polymer 28(12):2023–2031. https://
doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(87)90036-X
59. Ochi M, Okazaki M, Shimbo M (1982) Mechanical relaxation mechanism of epoxide resins
cured with aliphatic diamines. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 20(4):689–699. https://doi.org/
10.1002/pol.1982.180200411
60. Ochi M, Iesako H, Shimbo M (1986) Relaxation mechanism of epoxide resin cured with acid
anhydrides. III. Effect of alkyl side chains on mechanical and dielectric β relaxations. J Polym
Sci Part B Polym Phys 24(6):1271–1282. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090240607
61. Ochi M, Shimbo M, Saga M, Takashima N (1986) Mechanical and dielectric relaxations of
epoxide resins containing spiro-ring structure. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 24(10):2185–
2195. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090241003
62. Ochi M, Yoshizumi M, Shimbo M (1987) Mechanical and dielectric relaxations of epoxide
resins containing the spiro-ring structure. II. Effect of the introduction of methoxy branches
on low-temperature relaxations of epoxide resins. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 25(9):1817–
1827. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1987.090250903
63. Mangion MBM, Johari GP (1990) Relaxations of thermosets. III. Sub-Tg dielectric relaxations
of bisphenol-A–based epoxide cured with different cross-linking agents. J Polym Sci Part B
Polym Phys 28(1):71–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090280106
64. Hassan M, Tucker S, Abukmail A, Wiggins J, Mauritz K (2016) Polymer chain dynamics in
epoxy based composites as investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Arabian J Chem
9(2):305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.07.016
65. Schatzki TF (1962) Statistical computation of distribution functions of dimensions of
macromolecules. J Poly Sci 57(165):337–356. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205716526
66. Sahagun C, Morgan S (2012) Thermal control of nanostructure and molecular network development in epoxy-amine thermosets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4(2):564–572. https://doi.org/
10.1021/am201515y
67. Sahagun CM, Knauer KM, Morgan SE (2012) Molecular network development and evolution of
nanoscale morphology in an epoxy-amine thermoset polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 126(4):1394–
1405. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.36763
68. Haba D, Kaufmann J, Brunner AJ, Resch K, Teichert C (2014) Observation of elastic modulus
inhomogeneities in thermosetting epoxies using AFM and discerning facts and artifacts.
Polymer 55(16):4032–4040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.030
69. Morsch S, LiuY Lyon S, Gibbon S (2016) Insights into epoxy network nanostructural heterogeneity using AFM-IR. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(1):959–966. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs
ami.5b10767
70. Morsch S, LiuY Greensmith P, Lyon SB, Gibbon SR (2017) Molecularly controlled epoxy
network nanostructures. Polymer 108:146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.050
71. Hill NE (1969) Theoretical treatment of permittivity and loss. In Dielectric properties and
molecular behavior. Van Nostrand series in physical chemistry Series in Physical Chemistry,
Van Nostrand Reinhold, p 480