Catastrophic Phenomena on Marine Slopes and in Artificial Dams …
393
granulometric composition, proportions of nano-, colloid, and macroparticles, mineralization of disperse medium, biocolloidal, geomechanical, chemical, wind, and other
factors. These dependences were already partly showed in other investigations [4–6,
9, 10] and they need further studying for its generalization and classification.
The analysis of literature and presented above data (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and
7; Table 1) showed that catastrophic processes on marine slopes in the presence of nanostructured iron-aluminosilicates depend on many factors. And first of
all, it considers nanostructural, biocolloidal, colloid–chemical, mechanochemical,
mechanical, and other factors that are summarily fixed in rheological phenomena
studied by physicochemical mechanics and geomechanics. Correspondingly, the
analysis of specific data received for marine slopes’ sediment samples can allow
to predict the behavior of specific sediments on marine slopes, and on underwater
dams, slopes, and to prevent their catastrophic shifts due to stress influences (earthquakes, typhoons, tsunami waves, big technogenic and gravitational strains, etc.)
using presented ideas from this study.
5 Conclusions
The influence of physical, colloid–chemical, nanochemical, geomechanical, and
microbiological–biocolloidal factors on nanostructural contact formation and rheological behavior of real and model iron-aluminosilicate mineral formations was
generalized and tested on theoretical model and experimental levels. It was shown
that the formation of different NIASSs and NIASMs from IASSs and IASMs has
similar characters, depends on transformation of iron compounds besides silicate
and carbonate transformations, and it results in the final formation of structures
like goethite (α-FeOOH) or magnetite Fe 3 O 4 . It agrees with the conclusions of
geological–mineralogical investigations. It was considered that the role of rheological phenomena and physicochemical geomechanics in nanostructural transformations of iron-aluminosilicate formations were at conditions close to stress ones. The
role of mechanical and wind factors, and also the dispersion of IASSs and IASMs
in stress conditions at their initial nanostructural and mineralogical contact transformations was indicated on model level. It was also noted the fact that the existence of
compounds of green rust type exceeds not 75–100 h, it needs the special formation
conditions, so that their role in the transformation processes is not determinative. It
was shown that microbiological processes in iron-aluminosilicate structures lead to
the final formation of goethite or magnetite in dependence of pH. And it was shown
that biocolloidal transformations occur through inorganic chemical reactions and in
the presence of microorganism metabolic products.
For the first time, it showed that nanochemical, mechanochemical, and physicomechanical contact interactions in nanostructured IASMs in the presence of biogeocenosis are controlled by biocolloidal processes conditioned by bacterial and chemical reactions. And that the flow of NIASMs’ dispersions reduces in the next direction:
thixotropy → dilatancy rheopexy → hyperanomaly → ultraanomaly of viscosity.
393
granulometric composition, proportions of nano-, colloid, and macroparticles, mineralization of disperse medium, biocolloidal, geomechanical, chemical, wind, and other
factors. These dependences were already partly showed in other investigations [4–6,
9, 10] and they need further studying for its generalization and classification.
The analysis of literature and presented above data (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and
7; Table 1) showed that catastrophic processes on marine slopes in the presence of nanostructured iron-aluminosilicates depend on many factors. And first of
all, it considers nanostructural, biocolloidal, colloid–chemical, mechanochemical,
mechanical, and other factors that are summarily fixed in rheological phenomena
studied by physicochemical mechanics and geomechanics. Correspondingly, the
analysis of specific data received for marine slopes’ sediment samples can allow
to predict the behavior of specific sediments on marine slopes, and on underwater
dams, slopes, and to prevent their catastrophic shifts due to stress influences (earthquakes, typhoons, tsunami waves, big technogenic and gravitational strains, etc.)
using presented ideas from this study.
5 Conclusions
The influence of physical, colloid–chemical, nanochemical, geomechanical, and
microbiological–biocolloidal factors on nanostructural contact formation and rheological behavior of real and model iron-aluminosilicate mineral formations was
generalized and tested on theoretical model and experimental levels. It was shown
that the formation of different NIASSs and NIASMs from IASSs and IASMs has
similar characters, depends on transformation of iron compounds besides silicate
and carbonate transformations, and it results in the final formation of structures
like goethite (α-FeOOH) or magnetite Fe 3 O 4 . It agrees with the conclusions of
geological–mineralogical investigations. It was considered that the role of rheological phenomena and physicochemical geomechanics in nanostructural transformations of iron-aluminosilicate formations were at conditions close to stress ones. The
role of mechanical and wind factors, and also the dispersion of IASSs and IASMs
in stress conditions at their initial nanostructural and mineralogical contact transformations was indicated on model level. It was also noted the fact that the existence of
compounds of green rust type exceeds not 75–100 h, it needs the special formation
conditions, so that their role in the transformation processes is not determinative. It
was shown that microbiological processes in iron-aluminosilicate structures lead to
the final formation of goethite or magnetite in dependence of pH. And it was shown
that biocolloidal transformations occur through inorganic chemical reactions and in
the presence of microorganism metabolic products.
For the first time, it showed that nanochemical, mechanochemical, and physicomechanical contact interactions in nanostructured IASMs in the presence of biogeocenosis are controlled by biocolloidal processes conditioned by bacterial and chemical reactions. And that the flow of NIASMs’ dispersions reduces in the next direction:
thixotropy → dilatancy rheopexy → hyperanomaly → ultraanomaly of viscosity.