372
M. Satalkar et al.
technique gives a clear indication of formation of cubic spinel phase with Scherrer’s
grain diameter (D) ranging: 41.40–56.73 nm. Lattice parameter (a exp. ) and hopping
length for A and B site (L A , L B ) decrease with Ni addition, accredited to the
replacement of Zn 2+ by Ni 2+ ions. Ni addition induced variation in tetrahedral
bond length (R A ) and is in agreement with changes in the ionic radii of A site (r A ).
Decrease in octahedral bond length (R B ) and shared and unshared octahedral edge
(d BE , d BEu ) with Ni addition is accredited to the replacement of larger ion (Zn 2+ )
by smaller ion (Ni 2+ ). SEM images clearly show porous structure of the sample:
x = 0.00. With Ni addition, coercivity (H c ) and squareness ratio (M r /M s ) increase.
The magnetic parameters, Néel and experimental magnetic moment (n e N , n e B ) μ B ,
saturation magnetization (M s ), and magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant (K 1 ),
increase for lower Ni content (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) and reduce for higher Ni content
(0.45 < x ≤ 0.75). Non-zero Yafet-Kittel angle (α Y-K ) suggests presence of YafetKittel type of magnetic ordering in Zn 0.75−x Ni x Mg 0.15 Cu 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 (ann. 500 ◦ C/3 h)
system. A new antistructural modeling for describing active surface centers for Nidoped zinc-magnesium-copper ferrites system is discussed for the first time.
Acknowledgments This work is supported by projects 783/CST/R & D/Phy and, Engg Sc,
CSR-IC/CRS-74/2014-15/2104. Authors thank Dr. Mukul Gupta and Mr. L. Behra, UGC-DAE
Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, for performing XRD measurements. Authors express
their gratitude to Dr. Shibu. M. Eapen, scientist-in-charge, STIC, Kochi (India), for providing SEM
measurements.
References
1. Zhang H, Ma Z, Zhou J et al (2000) Preparation and investigation of
(Ni 0.15 Cu 0.25 Zn 0.60 )Fe 1.96 O 4 ferrite with very high initial permeability from self-propagated
powders. J Magn Magn Mater 213:304–308
2. Reddy MP, Madhuri W, Ramana MV et al (2010) Effect of sintering temperature on structural
and magnetic properties of NiCuZn and MgCuZn ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater 322:2819–2823
3. Reddy MP, Madhuri W, Balakrishnaiah G et al (2011) Microwave sintering of iron deficient
Ni–Cu–Zn ferrites for multilayer chip inductors. Curr Appl Phys 11:191–198
4. Costa ACFM, Lula RT, Kiminami RHGA et al (2006) Preparation of nanostructured NiFe 2 O 4
catalysts by combustion reaction. J Mater Sci 41:4871–4875
5. Dey C, Baishya K, Ghosh A et al (2017) Improvement of drug delivery by hyperthermia
treatment using magnetic cubic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. J Magn Magn Mater 427:168–174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.024
6. Tartaj P, Morales MP, Verdaguer SV et al (2003) The preparation of magnetic nanoparticles for
applications in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 36:R182–R197
7. Azad AM, Hedayati A, Rydn M et al (2013) Examining the Cu–Mn–O spinel system as an
oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion. Energy Technol 1:59–69
8. Reddy DHK, Yun Y-S (2016) Spinel ferrite magnetic adsorbents: alternative future materials
for water purification? Coord Chem Rev 315:90–111
9. Ehrhardt H, Campbell SJ, Hofmann M (2002) Structural evolution of ball-milled ZnFe 2 O 4 . J
Alloys Compd 339:255–260
10. Sepelak V, Baabe D, Mienert D et al (2003) Evolution of structure and magnetic properties
with annealing temperature in nanoscale high-energy-milled nickel ferrite. J Magn Magn Mater
257:377–386
M. Satalkar et al.
technique gives a clear indication of formation of cubic spinel phase with Scherrer’s
grain diameter (D) ranging: 41.40–56.73 nm. Lattice parameter (a exp. ) and hopping
length for A and B site (L A , L B ) decrease with Ni addition, accredited to the
replacement of Zn 2+ by Ni 2+ ions. Ni addition induced variation in tetrahedral
bond length (R A ) and is in agreement with changes in the ionic radii of A site (r A ).
Decrease in octahedral bond length (R B ) and shared and unshared octahedral edge
(d BE , d BEu ) with Ni addition is accredited to the replacement of larger ion (Zn 2+ )
by smaller ion (Ni 2+ ). SEM images clearly show porous structure of the sample:
x = 0.00. With Ni addition, coercivity (H c ) and squareness ratio (M r /M s ) increase.
The magnetic parameters, Néel and experimental magnetic moment (n e N , n e B ) μ B ,
saturation magnetization (M s ), and magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant (K 1 ),
increase for lower Ni content (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) and reduce for higher Ni content
(0.45 < x ≤ 0.75). Non-zero Yafet-Kittel angle (α Y-K ) suggests presence of YafetKittel type of magnetic ordering in Zn 0.75−x Ni x Mg 0.15 Cu 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 (ann. 500 ◦ C/3 h)
system. A new antistructural modeling for describing active surface centers for Nidoped zinc-magnesium-copper ferrites system is discussed for the first time.
Acknowledgments This work is supported by projects 783/CST/R & D/Phy and, Engg Sc,
CSR-IC/CRS-74/2014-15/2104. Authors thank Dr. Mukul Gupta and Mr. L. Behra, UGC-DAE
Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, for performing XRD measurements. Authors express
their gratitude to Dr. Shibu. M. Eapen, scientist-in-charge, STIC, Kochi (India), for providing SEM
measurements.
References
1. Zhang H, Ma Z, Zhou J et al (2000) Preparation and investigation of
(Ni 0.15 Cu 0.25 Zn 0.60 )Fe 1.96 O 4 ferrite with very high initial permeability from self-propagated
powders. J Magn Magn Mater 213:304–308
2. Reddy MP, Madhuri W, Ramana MV et al (2010) Effect of sintering temperature on structural
and magnetic properties of NiCuZn and MgCuZn ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater 322:2819–2823
3. Reddy MP, Madhuri W, Balakrishnaiah G et al (2011) Microwave sintering of iron deficient
Ni–Cu–Zn ferrites for multilayer chip inductors. Curr Appl Phys 11:191–198
4. Costa ACFM, Lula RT, Kiminami RHGA et al (2006) Preparation of nanostructured NiFe 2 O 4
catalysts by combustion reaction. J Mater Sci 41:4871–4875
5. Dey C, Baishya K, Ghosh A et al (2017) Improvement of drug delivery by hyperthermia
treatment using magnetic cubic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. J Magn Magn Mater 427:168–174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.024
6. Tartaj P, Morales MP, Verdaguer SV et al (2003) The preparation of magnetic nanoparticles for
applications in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 36:R182–R197
7. Azad AM, Hedayati A, Rydn M et al (2013) Examining the Cu–Mn–O spinel system as an
oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion. Energy Technol 1:59–69
8. Reddy DHK, Yun Y-S (2016) Spinel ferrite magnetic adsorbents: alternative future materials
for water purification? Coord Chem Rev 315:90–111
9. Ehrhardt H, Campbell SJ, Hofmann M (2002) Structural evolution of ball-milled ZnFe 2 O 4 . J
Alloys Compd 339:255–260
10. Sepelak V, Baabe D, Mienert D et al (2003) Evolution of structure and magnetic properties
with annealing temperature in nanoscale high-energy-milled nickel ferrite. J Magn Magn Mater
257:377–386