216
A. V. Panko et al.
same complexity polymineral nanostructured materials with new properties [4, 5].
These materials as PS consist of iron, aluminum, and silicon oxides in general, often
in the form of montmorillonite and glauconite clay minerals and also many, but in
fewer quantities, other inorganic and organic components [2–5, 10, 11].
Such materials and disperse systems of IOHSS type, except for PS, which are
being widely used in practice, include iron-oxide-silicate sedimentary ores, ironcontained bentonitic and other clays, pelitic marine and lake sediments, coastal
and shelf sands, and other sedimentary and solid ore deposits, the total capacity
of which in the Earth’s crust reaches 98%. During their geological history, many
of them were transformed under the influence of microbiological and secondary
tectonic processes. For example, it was recently established that solid iron quartzites
(jaspellites), which are the basis of general iron ore deposits, started to form within
2 billion years till the present as a result of microorganism activity with further
tectonic cementing of formed dispersed formations [12]. Thus, microorganisms play
a significant role in structural formation of different iron-oxide-silicate materials and
including PS.
As the practical importance of PS and other similar nanostructured materials is
increasing constantly, the attention of scientists investigating fundamental microbiological and biocolloid processes is also increasing.
13.2 Methods and Materials
The following study is related to the investigation of deep-water clay-carbonate
pelitic sediments of gigantic peloid deposit, taken in the west region of the
Black Sea from a 2 km depth. Black Sea peloid properties, and peloid specimen
taken from Kuyalnik estuary (Odessa) for comparison, are described in [4, 5].
Bentonitic (montmorillonite) clay and glauconite were used as model specimens,
and hydromica as a comparative specimen.
Chemical composition of studied bentonite is (wt%): 49.52 SiO 2 ; 21.06 Al 2 O 3 ;
2.72 Fe 2 O 3 ; 5.70 ´Ã±; 1.61 MgO; 0.37 Na 2 O; 0.28 - 2 ±; 0.02 ´ org . Aqueous
bentonite suspension with 57% water had the following physicochemical indices:
Ó° 7.3; ¨h + 370 mV; shear stress 821 Pa; stickiness 1840 Pa. Clay fraction of
1–10 μm particle size content was 19.10%, and of sizes less than 1–10 μm 2.90%.
Chemical composition of studied bentonite is (wt%): 57.46 SiO 2 ; 7.49 Al 2 O 3 ;
17.50 Fe 2 O 3 ; 0.36 Fe±; 0.35 µi± 2 ; 3.06 ´Ã±; 2.41 MgO; 0.07 Na 2 O; 5.35 - 2 ±.
Aqueous glauconite suspension with 39.5% water had the following physicochemical indices: Ó° 7.7; ¨h + 210 mV; shear stress 405 Pa; stickiness 1250 Pa. Clay
fraction of 1–10 μm particle size content was 22.5%, and of sizes less than 1–
10 μm – 6.8%.
Investigation of the selected materials, partially shown in Figs. 13.1 and 13.2,
was conducted using XRD, sorption, rheological, SEM, chemical and biomedical
methods [3–6, 8]. XRD images were taken on X-Ray diffractometer DRON-UM1 with a pair of Soller slits with ´u-α filter. SEM images of samples were
taken on SELMI electron microscope in light field mode and sample morphology
A. V. Panko et al.
same complexity polymineral nanostructured materials with new properties [4, 5].
These materials as PS consist of iron, aluminum, and silicon oxides in general, often
in the form of montmorillonite and glauconite clay minerals and also many, but in
fewer quantities, other inorganic and organic components [2–5, 10, 11].
Such materials and disperse systems of IOHSS type, except for PS, which are
being widely used in practice, include iron-oxide-silicate sedimentary ores, ironcontained bentonitic and other clays, pelitic marine and lake sediments, coastal
and shelf sands, and other sedimentary and solid ore deposits, the total capacity
of which in the Earth’s crust reaches 98%. During their geological history, many
of them were transformed under the influence of microbiological and secondary
tectonic processes. For example, it was recently established that solid iron quartzites
(jaspellites), which are the basis of general iron ore deposits, started to form within
2 billion years till the present as a result of microorganism activity with further
tectonic cementing of formed dispersed formations [12]. Thus, microorganisms play
a significant role in structural formation of different iron-oxide-silicate materials and
including PS.
As the practical importance of PS and other similar nanostructured materials is
increasing constantly, the attention of scientists investigating fundamental microbiological and biocolloid processes is also increasing.
13.2 Methods and Materials
The following study is related to the investigation of deep-water clay-carbonate
pelitic sediments of gigantic peloid deposit, taken in the west region of the
Black Sea from a 2 km depth. Black Sea peloid properties, and peloid specimen
taken from Kuyalnik estuary (Odessa) for comparison, are described in [4, 5].
Bentonitic (montmorillonite) clay and glauconite were used as model specimens,
and hydromica as a comparative specimen.
Chemical composition of studied bentonite is (wt%): 49.52 SiO 2 ; 21.06 Al 2 O 3 ;
2.72 Fe 2 O 3 ; 5.70 ´Ã±; 1.61 MgO; 0.37 Na 2 O; 0.28 - 2 ±; 0.02 ´ org . Aqueous
bentonite suspension with 57% water had the following physicochemical indices:
Ó° 7.3; ¨h + 370 mV; shear stress 821 Pa; stickiness 1840 Pa. Clay fraction of
1–10 μm particle size content was 19.10%, and of sizes less than 1–10 μm 2.90%.
Chemical composition of studied bentonite is (wt%): 57.46 SiO 2 ; 7.49 Al 2 O 3 ;
17.50 Fe 2 O 3 ; 0.36 Fe±; 0.35 µi± 2 ; 3.06 ´Ã±; 2.41 MgO; 0.07 Na 2 O; 5.35 - 2 ±.
Aqueous glauconite suspension with 39.5% water had the following physicochemical indices: Ó° 7.7; ¨h + 210 mV; shear stress 405 Pa; stickiness 1250 Pa. Clay
fraction of 1–10 μm particle size content was 22.5%, and of sizes less than 1–
10 μm – 6.8%.
Investigation of the selected materials, partially shown in Figs. 13.1 and 13.2,
was conducted using XRD, sorption, rheological, SEM, chemical and biomedical
methods [3–6, 8]. XRD images were taken on X-Ray diffractometer DRON-UM1 with a pair of Soller slits with ´u-α filter. SEM images of samples were
taken on SELMI electron microscope in light field mode and sample morphology