186
Biologically Inspired Robotics
to saturation phases; that is, 161 ± 25, 216 ± 15, 255 ± 21, and 408 ± 41 nN,
respectively.
The advantage of the integrated E-SEM nanomanipulation system relies
on its capability to perform in situ local direct observation and manipulation
of biological samples and its ability to control environmental conditions.
Acknowledgments
We thank Professors Michio Homma, Seiji Kojima, and Masaru Kojima
at Nagoya University for discussion of biological aspects and Professor
Toshifumi Inada at Nagoya University for providing us with the wild-type
yeast strain W303 cells for the experiments. This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and COE for
Education and Research of Micro-Nano Mechatronics, Global COE Program
of Nagoya University.
References
Ahmad, M.R., Nakajima, M., Kojima, S., Homma, M., and Fukuda, T. 2008a. In situ
single cell mechanics characterization of yeast cells using nanoprobes inside
environmental SEM, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, pp. 607–616.
Ahmad, M.R., Nakajima, M., Kojima, S., Homma, M., and Fukuda, T. 2008b. The
effects of cell sizes, environmental conditions and growth phases on the strength
of individual w303 yeast cells inside ESEM. IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience,
7: 185–193.
Ahmad, M.R., Nakajima, M., Kojima, S., Homma, M., and Fukuda, T. 2010.
Nanoindentation methods to measure viscoelastic properties of single cells using
sharp, flat, and buckling tips inside ESEM. IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience,
9(1): 12–23.
Aksu, S.B. and Turner, J.A. 2007. Calibration of atomic force microscope cantilevers
using piezolevers. Review of Scientific Instruments, 78: 1–8.
Avery, S.V. 2006. Microbial cell individuality and the underlying sources of heterogeneity. Nature Reviews: Microbiology, 4: 577–587.
Craighead, H.G. 2000. Nanoelectromechanical systems. Science, 290: 1532–1535.
Dao, M., Chollacoop, N., Van Vliet, K.J., Venkatesh, T.A., and Suresh, S. 2001.
Computational modelling of the forward and reverse problems in instrumented
sharp indentation. Acta Materialia, 49: 3899–3918.
Du, E., Cui, H., and Zhu, Z. 2006. Review of nanomanipulators for nanomanufacturing. International Journal of Nanomanufacturing, 1: 83–104.
Biologically Inspired Robotics
to saturation phases; that is, 161 ± 25, 216 ± 15, 255 ± 21, and 408 ± 41 nN,
respectively.
The advantage of the integrated E-SEM nanomanipulation system relies
on its capability to perform in situ local direct observation and manipulation
of biological samples and its ability to control environmental conditions.
Acknowledgments
We thank Professors Michio Homma, Seiji Kojima, and Masaru Kojima
at Nagoya University for discussion of biological aspects and Professor
Toshifumi Inada at Nagoya University for providing us with the wild-type
yeast strain W303 cells for the experiments. This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and COE for
Education and Research of Micro-Nano Mechatronics, Global COE Program
of Nagoya University.
References
Ahmad, M.R., Nakajima, M., Kojima, S., Homma, M., and Fukuda, T. 2008a. In situ
single cell mechanics characterization of yeast cells using nanoprobes inside
environmental SEM, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, pp. 607–616.
Ahmad, M.R., Nakajima, M., Kojima, S., Homma, M., and Fukuda, T. 2008b. The
effects of cell sizes, environmental conditions and growth phases on the strength
of individual w303 yeast cells inside ESEM. IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience,
7: 185–193.
Ahmad, M.R., Nakajima, M., Kojima, S., Homma, M., and Fukuda, T. 2010.
Nanoindentation methods to measure viscoelastic properties of single cells using
sharp, flat, and buckling tips inside ESEM. IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience,
9(1): 12–23.
Aksu, S.B. and Turner, J.A. 2007. Calibration of atomic force microscope cantilevers
using piezolevers. Review of Scientific Instruments, 78: 1–8.
Avery, S.V. 2006. Microbial cell individuality and the underlying sources of heterogeneity. Nature Reviews: Microbiology, 4: 577–587.
Craighead, H.G. 2000. Nanoelectromechanical systems. Science, 290: 1532–1535.
Dao, M., Chollacoop, N., Van Vliet, K.J., Venkatesh, T.A., and Suresh, S. 2001.
Computational modelling of the forward and reverse problems in instrumented
sharp indentation. Acta Materialia, 49: 3899–3918.
Du, E., Cui, H., and Zhu, Z. 2006. Review of nanomanipulators for nanomanufacturing. International Journal of Nanomanufacturing, 1: 83–104.