CONTENTS
9.1 Background of Nanorobotic Manipulations .......................................... 166
9.2 Single-Cell Analysis and Nanosurgery System .................................... 167
9.3 Principles of Stiffness Measurements for a Single Cell........................ 169
9.3.1 Stiffness Measurement of a Single Cell Based on
Nanoindentation Technique ......................................................... 169
9.3.2 Stiffness Measurement Using Different Indenter Tip Shapes. 171
9.3.3 Stiffness Measurement Using Nanoprobes ............................... 173
9.3.3.1 Measurement of Single-Cell Stiffness Using a Soft
Nanoprobe........................................................................ 174
9.3.3.2 Measurement of Single-Cell Stiffness Using Hard
Nanoprobes ...................................................................... 175
9.4 Nanorobotic Manipulations inside Various Kinds of Microscopes ... 176
9.4.1 Nanorobotic Manipulation System inside Electron
Microscopes .................................................................................... 176
9.4.2 Observations of Biological Samples by E-SEM.......................... 177
9.5 Stiffness Measurements of Single Cells Using Conventional AFM
Cantilevers .................................................................................................. 179
9.5.1 Stiffness Measurement of Single Yeast Cells Depends on
Cell Sizes ......................................................................................... 179
9.5.2 Stiffness Measurement of Single Yeast Cells Depends on
Growth Phases ............................................................................... 181
9.6 Stiffness Measurements of Single Cells Using Nanoprobes ............... 182
9.6.1 Fabrication of Nanoprobes ........................................................... 182
9.6.2 Calibration of Soft Nanoprobes ................................................... 183
9
Nanorobotic Manipulation for
a Single Biological Cell
Toshio Fukuda and Masahiro Nakajima
Nagoya University
Nagoya, Japan
Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad
Universiti Teknologi Malaysi
Skudai Johor, Malaysia
165
9.1 Background of Nanorobotic Manipulations .......................................... 166
9.2 Single-Cell Analysis and Nanosurgery System .................................... 167
9.3 Principles of Stiffness Measurements for a Single Cell........................ 169
9.3.1 Stiffness Measurement of a Single Cell Based on
Nanoindentation Technique ......................................................... 169
9.3.2 Stiffness Measurement Using Different Indenter Tip Shapes. 171
9.3.3 Stiffness Measurement Using Nanoprobes ............................... 173
9.3.3.1 Measurement of Single-Cell Stiffness Using a Soft
Nanoprobe........................................................................ 174
9.3.3.2 Measurement of Single-Cell Stiffness Using Hard
Nanoprobes ...................................................................... 175
9.4 Nanorobotic Manipulations inside Various Kinds of Microscopes ... 176
9.4.1 Nanorobotic Manipulation System inside Electron
Microscopes .................................................................................... 176
9.4.2 Observations of Biological Samples by E-SEM.......................... 177
9.5 Stiffness Measurements of Single Cells Using Conventional AFM
Cantilevers .................................................................................................. 179
9.5.1 Stiffness Measurement of Single Yeast Cells Depends on
Cell Sizes ......................................................................................... 179
9.5.2 Stiffness Measurement of Single Yeast Cells Depends on
Growth Phases ............................................................................... 181
9.6 Stiffness Measurements of Single Cells Using Nanoprobes ............... 182
9.6.1 Fabrication of Nanoprobes ........................................................... 182
9.6.2 Calibration of Soft Nanoprobes ................................................... 183
9
Nanorobotic Manipulation for
a Single Biological Cell
Toshio Fukuda and Masahiro Nakajima
Nagoya University
Nagoya, Japan
Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad
Universiti Teknologi Malaysi
Skudai Johor, Malaysia
165