3.4 Experimental Section
67
(Nanosensors, Wetzlar, Germany) in ambient atmosphere (ca. 30% relative humidity,
24 °C temperature) as described previously (Ref. 11).
Contact Angles Measurement. Static and dynamic CA were measured on a CA
microscope (Data Physics, OCA 15Plus) with Millipore water or CH 2 I 2 (99.9%,
Fluka) as probe liquids at room temperature and ambient humidity. Data were
obtained at least at three different locations and was averaged per polymer sample.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Transmission mode FTIR
spectra (spectral resolution of 4 cm
−1 , 1024 scans) were obtained using a BIORAD model FTS575C FTIR spectrometer equipped with a liquid nitrogen-cooled
cryogenic mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector. Background spectra were
obtained using oxygen plasma-cleaned silicon wafers.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). XPS spectra were recorded on a PHI
Quantum 2000 Scanning ESCA microprobe using a monochromated X-ray beam
(Al-anode); 100 μm diameter/25 W X-ray beam scanned over 700 μm × 300 μm
area at a variable take-off angle of between 30 and 90°. Atomic concentrations were
determined by numerical integration of the relative peak areas using the Multipak
software with supplied sensitivity factors (C 1s : 0.314; O 1s : 0.733) [36].
References
1. Ding LM, Lu ZX, Egbe DAM, Karasz FE (2004) Structure-morphology-electroluminescence
relationship for hybrid conjugated polymers. Macromolecules 37:10031–10035
2. Mirkin CA, Patner MA (1992) Molecular electronics. Ann Rev Phys Chem 43:719–754
3. Wang ZY, Heflin JR, Stolen RH, Ramachandran S (2005) Highly sensitive optical response
of optical fiber long period graftings to nanometer-thick ionic self-assembled multilayer. Appl
Phys Lett 86:223104
4. Allara DL (1995) Critical issues in applications of self-assembled monolayers. Biosens
Bioelectron 10:771–783
5. Pawlowski D, Tieke B (2003) Copolymerization of styrene with a cationic surfactant monomer
in three-component lyotropic mesophase. Langmuir 19:6498–6504
6. Tannenbaum R, Hakanson C, Zeno A, Tirrell M (2002) Spectroscopic study of the chemistry
of the Cr-PMMA interface. Langmuir 18:5592–5599
7. Jérôme C, Gabriel S, Voccia S, Detrembleur C, Ignatova M, Gouttebaron R, Jérôme R (2003)
Preparation of reactive surfaces by electrografting. Chem Commun 19:2500–2501
8. Han WQ, Fan SS, Li QQ, Hu YD (1997) Synthesis of gallium nitride nanorods through a
carbon nanotube-confined reaction. Science 277:1287–1289
9. Godwin A, Hartenstein M, Müller AHE, Brocchini S (2001) Narrow molecular weight
distribution precursors for polymer-drug conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed 40:594–597
10. Ostuni E, Yan L, Whitesides GM (1999) The interaction of proteins and cells with
self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold and silver. Coll Surf B 15:3–30
11. Schönherr H, Chechik V, Stirling CJM, Vancso GJ (2000) Monitoring surface reactions at
an AFM tip: an approach to follow reaction kinetics in self-assembled monolayers on the
nanometer scale. J Am Chem Soc 122:3679–3687
12. Bertilsson L, Liedberg B (1993) Infrared study of thiol monolayer assemblies on gold:
preparation, characterization, and functionalization of mixed monolayers. Langmuir 9:141–149
67
(Nanosensors, Wetzlar, Germany) in ambient atmosphere (ca. 30% relative humidity,
24 °C temperature) as described previously (Ref. 11).
Contact Angles Measurement. Static and dynamic CA were measured on a CA
microscope (Data Physics, OCA 15Plus) with Millipore water or CH 2 I 2 (99.9%,
Fluka) as probe liquids at room temperature and ambient humidity. Data were
obtained at least at three different locations and was averaged per polymer sample.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Transmission mode FTIR
spectra (spectral resolution of 4 cm
−1 , 1024 scans) were obtained using a BIORAD model FTS575C FTIR spectrometer equipped with a liquid nitrogen-cooled
cryogenic mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector. Background spectra were
obtained using oxygen plasma-cleaned silicon wafers.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). XPS spectra were recorded on a PHI
Quantum 2000 Scanning ESCA microprobe using a monochromated X-ray beam
(Al-anode); 100 μm diameter/25 W X-ray beam scanned over 700 μm × 300 μm
area at a variable take-off angle of between 30 and 90°. Atomic concentrations were
determined by numerical integration of the relative peak areas using the Multipak
software with supplied sensitivity factors (C 1s : 0.314; O 1s : 0.733) [36].
References
1. Ding LM, Lu ZX, Egbe DAM, Karasz FE (2004) Structure-morphology-electroluminescence
relationship for hybrid conjugated polymers. Macromolecules 37:10031–10035
2. Mirkin CA, Patner MA (1992) Molecular electronics. Ann Rev Phys Chem 43:719–754
3. Wang ZY, Heflin JR, Stolen RH, Ramachandran S (2005) Highly sensitive optical response
of optical fiber long period graftings to nanometer-thick ionic self-assembled multilayer. Appl
Phys Lett 86:223104
4. Allara DL (1995) Critical issues in applications of self-assembled monolayers. Biosens
Bioelectron 10:771–783
5. Pawlowski D, Tieke B (2003) Copolymerization of styrene with a cationic surfactant monomer
in three-component lyotropic mesophase. Langmuir 19:6498–6504
6. Tannenbaum R, Hakanson C, Zeno A, Tirrell M (2002) Spectroscopic study of the chemistry
of the Cr-PMMA interface. Langmuir 18:5592–5599
7. Jérôme C, Gabriel S, Voccia S, Detrembleur C, Ignatova M, Gouttebaron R, Jérôme R (2003)
Preparation of reactive surfaces by electrografting. Chem Commun 19:2500–2501
8. Han WQ, Fan SS, Li QQ, Hu YD (1997) Synthesis of gallium nitride nanorods through a
carbon nanotube-confined reaction. Science 277:1287–1289
9. Godwin A, Hartenstein M, Müller AHE, Brocchini S (2001) Narrow molecular weight
distribution precursors for polymer-drug conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed 40:594–597
10. Ostuni E, Yan L, Whitesides GM (1999) The interaction of proteins and cells with
self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold and silver. Coll Surf B 15:3–30
11. Schönherr H, Chechik V, Stirling CJM, Vancso GJ (2000) Monitoring surface reactions at
an AFM tip: an approach to follow reaction kinetics in self-assembled monolayers on the
nanometer scale. J Am Chem Soc 122:3679–3687
12. Bertilsson L, Liedberg B (1993) Infrared study of thiol monolayer assemblies on gold:
preparation, characterization, and functionalization of mixed monolayers. Langmuir 9:141–149