34
2 Surface Reactions and Fabrication of Bioreactive Platforms …
Fig. 2.20 Schematic illustration of the SMAP method. Step 1: Two thin layers of oxide, TiO 2 and
subsequently SiO 2 , were coated onto a substrate. Step 2: Using lithographic and etching techniques,
the desired geometrical pattern with different physical and chemical properties was obtained. Step
3: An oriented dodecyl phosphate (DDP) self-assembled monolayer on TiO 2 was prepared from
aqueous solution. Step 4: After rinsing with water, polylysine-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) adsorbs
onto the bare SiO 2 from a buffered solution, which repels proteins completely. Step 5: The obtained
pattern surface with the chemical contrast between hydrophobic and hydrophilic was used to selectively deposit proteins on it. Cell culture experiment can then be performed on such patterned
surfaces
Using SMAP, protein patterns of arbitrary geometry can be prepared under a
wide range of length scales in a confident and reproducible way, which may be
used to study the interactions between cells and surface. This approach can be used
as a generic platform for the biotechnology field. Through producing biologically
relevant two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional surface structures, a surface
with biological functionalities at geometrically well-defined interfacial architectures
can be achieved. SMAP combines the advantages from the top-down approach with
the bottom-up approach at the same time, that is, it can not only produce largescale pattern but also benefit from the gentle and cost-effective self-organization of
chemical and biological moieties from aqueous solution at room temperature. One
disadvantage of this approach is that the resolution is diffraction limited.
2.3.3 Embossing and Nano-Imprinting
In the previous sections, a number of selected lithographic approaches have been
discussed that are directly relevant for the understanding of the remainder of this
book. These approaches allow one to introduce (bio)chemical patterns at various
2 Surface Reactions and Fabrication of Bioreactive Platforms …
Fig. 2.20 Schematic illustration of the SMAP method. Step 1: Two thin layers of oxide, TiO 2 and
subsequently SiO 2 , were coated onto a substrate. Step 2: Using lithographic and etching techniques,
the desired geometrical pattern with different physical and chemical properties was obtained. Step
3: An oriented dodecyl phosphate (DDP) self-assembled monolayer on TiO 2 was prepared from
aqueous solution. Step 4: After rinsing with water, polylysine-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) adsorbs
onto the bare SiO 2 from a buffered solution, which repels proteins completely. Step 5: The obtained
pattern surface with the chemical contrast between hydrophobic and hydrophilic was used to selectively deposit proteins on it. Cell culture experiment can then be performed on such patterned
surfaces
Using SMAP, protein patterns of arbitrary geometry can be prepared under a
wide range of length scales in a confident and reproducible way, which may be
used to study the interactions between cells and surface. This approach can be used
as a generic platform for the biotechnology field. Through producing biologically
relevant two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional surface structures, a surface
with biological functionalities at geometrically well-defined interfacial architectures
can be achieved. SMAP combines the advantages from the top-down approach with
the bottom-up approach at the same time, that is, it can not only produce largescale pattern but also benefit from the gentle and cost-effective self-organization of
chemical and biological moieties from aqueous solution at room temperature. One
disadvantage of this approach is that the resolution is diffraction limited.
2.3.3 Embossing and Nano-Imprinting
In the previous sections, a number of selected lithographic approaches have been
discussed that are directly relevant for the understanding of the remainder of this
book. These approaches allow one to introduce (bio)chemical patterns at various