Chapter 2
Surface Reactions and Fabrication
of Bioreactive Platforms Based
on Organic and Polymeric Films: From
Micrometer to Nanometer Length Scale
In this chapter, the surface reactivity of organic and polymeric films is introduced.
Reactions of monolayers can be activated in the solution or in the absence of solvents.
Functional groups (e.g., halogen-bearing, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl and so on) are
very useful in the modification of monolayers. Generally, an activation step is necessary for these monolayers if chemical modification is performed. Except for monolayers, surface modification can also be achieved through adsorption of polymers,
polymer brush, or polymer coatings. Finally, how to control the selective immobilization of (bio)molecules in defined area is introduced in detail, which is very important for the development of biosensors and high-throughput biomolecule screening
assays.
2.1 Introduction: Bioreactive Platforms and Biointerfaces
via Organic and Polymeric Films
Biointerfaces refer to interfaces in biological systems. The interaction between
biomolecules and surfaces and the behavior of complex macromolecular systems
at materials interfaces play very important roles in the fields of biology, biotechnology, diagnostics, and medicine. Similar to biointerfaces, interfacial reactions at
organic or polymeric surfaces are becoming an increasingly important subject also for
biochemical and biological studies. Controlling the chemical and structural properties
of surfaces is furthermore crucial for advancements in selective and environmentally
friendly catalysis, chemical sensing, and many other applications. To understand the
rules that govern surface reactions at organic or polymeric surfaces provides ultimately very important tools and platform approaches that expand this knowledge
from fundamental studies to applications in chemistry and biochemistry.
While reactivity and kinetics of organic chemical reactions in solution phase
represent an established field for many decades, it has been found that the chemical
reactivity in ultrathin organic or polymeric films, such as Langmuir-Blodgett films
© Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press 2021
C. Feng et al., Microfabrication of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6869-9_2
7
Surface Reactions and Fabrication
of Bioreactive Platforms Based
on Organic and Polymeric Films: From
Micrometer to Nanometer Length Scale
In this chapter, the surface reactivity of organic and polymeric films is introduced.
Reactions of monolayers can be activated in the solution or in the absence of solvents.
Functional groups (e.g., halogen-bearing, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl and so on) are
very useful in the modification of monolayers. Generally, an activation step is necessary for these monolayers if chemical modification is performed. Except for monolayers, surface modification can also be achieved through adsorption of polymers,
polymer brush, or polymer coatings. Finally, how to control the selective immobilization of (bio)molecules in defined area is introduced in detail, which is very important for the development of biosensors and high-throughput biomolecule screening
assays.
2.1 Introduction: Bioreactive Platforms and Biointerfaces
via Organic and Polymeric Films
Biointerfaces refer to interfaces in biological systems. The interaction between
biomolecules and surfaces and the behavior of complex macromolecular systems
at materials interfaces play very important roles in the fields of biology, biotechnology, diagnostics, and medicine. Similar to biointerfaces, interfacial reactions at
organic or polymeric surfaces are becoming an increasingly important subject also for
biochemical and biological studies. Controlling the chemical and structural properties
of surfaces is furthermore crucial for advancements in selective and environmentally
friendly catalysis, chemical sensing, and many other applications. To understand the
rules that govern surface reactions at organic or polymeric surfaces provides ultimately very important tools and platform approaches that expand this knowledge
from fundamental studies to applications in chemistry and biochemistry.
While reactivity and kinetics of organic chemical reactions in solution phase
represent an established field for many decades, it has been found that the chemical
reactivity in ultrathin organic or polymeric films, such as Langmuir-Blodgett films
© Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press 2021
C. Feng et al., Microfabrication of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6869-9_2
7