Removal of Organic Matters and Nutrients by Using Bio-balls …
229
3000 to 4000 g TSS/m
3 . The rate of reactor volume comprised of media is controlled
to 70%, with 67% being normal. In any case, wastewater attributes and specific
treatment targets are the most parts choosing the level of media required inside the
reactor. As a general rule, a life of bio-carriers opens inside the market changes from
11 to 40 years [2].
Literature survey suggests that different hybrid bio-reactors have been developed
for the removal of different pollutants from wastewater and landfill leachate. Different
carriers have also been used in MBBR process. Research work has been carried out
to explore the performance of MBBR process for treating commercial wastewater by
using three different types of carrier viz media-1 BI16, media-2 PP22, and media3 mutag biochip 25TM [3], for removal of the phenol and microbial community
shift during pH shock in MBBR [4], for the treatment of industrial food processing
wastewater [3], for nutrient removal by using polyurethane foam carrier [5], for
nitrogen removal from mine effluents using a 2 staged MBBR [2], for phenol removal
using two reactors, and for the removal of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate
by using sequencing MBBR [6].
The objective of this research work is to check the efficiency of MBBR technology
in removing organic matter, i.e., COD, nitrate, and phosphate, from municipal and
industrial wastewater by using bio-balls and corn cobs as bio-film carriers.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Properties of Bio-film Carriers
Bio-balls are made up of polyurethane material and inside that active carbon foam
is present. The diameter of the bio-ball used for the study was 16 mm and purchased
from Aquarium House, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. These are spherical in size and black
in color. These are specially intended to provide plenty of surface area for bacterial
growth. Density of bio-ball is 0.9 gm/cc, and surface area is 2.02 × 10
−3 m
2 . Picture
of bio-balls is shown in Fig. 1.
The corn cobs have a calcareous structure that can cause the pathogenic population
to be quickly attached and developed. Density of corn cob is 1.18 g/cm
3 , and the
surface area is 50.67 cm
2 . It provides considerable high void ratio, specific surface
area, and small specific gravity. Initially, corn cobs were dried in the oven at 105 °C
for 24 h and cut into parts of roughly equal size (h) and (d) length of 5.0 cm and 2.5 cm,
respectively. Prepared cobs of corn are submerged in sterile water and thoroughly
washed. Cleaned cob shells of corn are then dried for 5 h in an oven at 150 °C. Picture
of raw corn cobs is shown in Fig. 2.
229
3000 to 4000 g TSS/m
3 . The rate of reactor volume comprised of media is controlled
to 70%, with 67% being normal. In any case, wastewater attributes and specific
treatment targets are the most parts choosing the level of media required inside the
reactor. As a general rule, a life of bio-carriers opens inside the market changes from
11 to 40 years [2].
Literature survey suggests that different hybrid bio-reactors have been developed
for the removal of different pollutants from wastewater and landfill leachate. Different
carriers have also been used in MBBR process. Research work has been carried out
to explore the performance of MBBR process for treating commercial wastewater by
using three different types of carrier viz media-1 BI16, media-2 PP22, and media3 mutag biochip 25TM [3], for removal of the phenol and microbial community
shift during pH shock in MBBR [4], for the treatment of industrial food processing
wastewater [3], for nutrient removal by using polyurethane foam carrier [5], for
nitrogen removal from mine effluents using a 2 staged MBBR [2], for phenol removal
using two reactors, and for the removal of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate
by using sequencing MBBR [6].
The objective of this research work is to check the efficiency of MBBR technology
in removing organic matter, i.e., COD, nitrate, and phosphate, from municipal and
industrial wastewater by using bio-balls and corn cobs as bio-film carriers.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Properties of Bio-film Carriers
Bio-balls are made up of polyurethane material and inside that active carbon foam
is present. The diameter of the bio-ball used for the study was 16 mm and purchased
from Aquarium House, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. These are spherical in size and black
in color. These are specially intended to provide plenty of surface area for bacterial
growth. Density of bio-ball is 0.9 gm/cc, and surface area is 2.02 × 10
−3 m
2 . Picture
of bio-balls is shown in Fig. 1.
The corn cobs have a calcareous structure that can cause the pathogenic population
to be quickly attached and developed. Density of corn cob is 1.18 g/cm
3 , and the
surface area is 50.67 cm
2 . It provides considerable high void ratio, specific surface
area, and small specific gravity. Initially, corn cobs were dried in the oven at 105 °C
for 24 h and cut into parts of roughly equal size (h) and (d) length of 5.0 cm and 2.5 cm,
respectively. Prepared cobs of corn are submerged in sterile water and thoroughly
washed. Cleaned cob shells of corn are then dried for 5 h in an oven at 150 °C. Picture
of raw corn cobs is shown in Fig. 2.