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Akankshya et al.
are screening, skimming, sedimentation, grit chamber, etc. Conventional wastewater
treatment consists of a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes
and operations to remove solids, organic matter, and, sometimes, nutrients from
wastewater. General terms used to describe different degrees of treatment, in order
of increasing treatment level, are preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary and/or
advanced wastewater treatment. There are many different biological wastewater treatment options are available. Biological processes are two types, i.e., suspended growth
process and attached growth process. Examples of suspended growth processes are
various types, i.e., activated sludge process, aerobic lagoon, aeration pond, aerobic
and anaerobic sludge disaster, etc., and attached growth processes are trickling filter,
bio-towers, RBC, etc. Every process has its own set of advantages and disadvantages.
Based on the requirements and availability of resources, we need to choose the suitable treatment process. Research is still going on to find out the more effective and
accessible method for the treatment and reuse of wastewater.
RBC is a bio-reactor that is primarily used for biological wastewater treatment,
containing largely organic waste products. It is one of the attached growth processes.
Attached growth means the microorganisms will be attached to a surface and the
wastewater has to pass through it for a certain period of time. It mainly consists of
several disks mounted on the surface of a rotating shaft and partially submerged in
the wastewater. The disks are usually made up of different forms of plastic such as
polypropylene or polyurethane. As the shaft rotates, the disks that are attached to it
also start rotating through the wastewater.
Moving-bed bio-film reactor (MBBR) technology combines both the benefits of
suspended growth system which is activated sludge process and attached growth
system which is trickling filter. Among all the bio-film reactors, MBBR technology
uses entire tank volume for the enlargement of biomass, as happens in an activated
sludge process (ASP). But MBBR does not need sludge recirculation as required
in ASP. This is attained due to biomass that grows on the media which are moved
freely in the reactor by aeration or by automatic mixing. The media are reserved
inside the reactor by installing a strainer at the reactor outlet. Separation of surplus
biomass has taken place as there is no sludge recirculation occurred. So, it is a big
advantage of MBBR technology over ASP [1]. Medias can differ from each other in
treatment capabilities, material composition, shape, and specific surface area. The
filling ratio of the carrier plays an important role as it provides sites for the growth of
microbes. The carriers are produced using plastic with a thickness close to 1 g/cm
3
giving them a chance to move easily inside the reactor surely when the limit comes
to 70%. The moving bed shapes originate from the flow float in wastewater treatment
that offers an extended specific surface inside the reactor for the advancement of the
biomass, accomplishing basic reduction surrounded by the natural reactor volume.
A few components have been detailed to influence the execution of MBBR. The
high particular range of the carrier media controls the framework execution which is
as a result of exceptionally high bio-film concentrations nearness in a little reactor
volume [2]. It was detailed that common place bio-film concentrations extend from
Akankshya et al.
are screening, skimming, sedimentation, grit chamber, etc. Conventional wastewater
treatment consists of a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes
and operations to remove solids, organic matter, and, sometimes, nutrients from
wastewater. General terms used to describe different degrees of treatment, in order
of increasing treatment level, are preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary and/or
advanced wastewater treatment. There are many different biological wastewater treatment options are available. Biological processes are two types, i.e., suspended growth
process and attached growth process. Examples of suspended growth processes are
various types, i.e., activated sludge process, aerobic lagoon, aeration pond, aerobic
and anaerobic sludge disaster, etc., and attached growth processes are trickling filter,
bio-towers, RBC, etc. Every process has its own set of advantages and disadvantages.
Based on the requirements and availability of resources, we need to choose the suitable treatment process. Research is still going on to find out the more effective and
accessible method for the treatment and reuse of wastewater.
RBC is a bio-reactor that is primarily used for biological wastewater treatment,
containing largely organic waste products. It is one of the attached growth processes.
Attached growth means the microorganisms will be attached to a surface and the
wastewater has to pass through it for a certain period of time. It mainly consists of
several disks mounted on the surface of a rotating shaft and partially submerged in
the wastewater. The disks are usually made up of different forms of plastic such as
polypropylene or polyurethane. As the shaft rotates, the disks that are attached to it
also start rotating through the wastewater.
Moving-bed bio-film reactor (MBBR) technology combines both the benefits of
suspended growth system which is activated sludge process and attached growth
system which is trickling filter. Among all the bio-film reactors, MBBR technology
uses entire tank volume for the enlargement of biomass, as happens in an activated
sludge process (ASP). But MBBR does not need sludge recirculation as required
in ASP. This is attained due to biomass that grows on the media which are moved
freely in the reactor by aeration or by automatic mixing. The media are reserved
inside the reactor by installing a strainer at the reactor outlet. Separation of surplus
biomass has taken place as there is no sludge recirculation occurred. So, it is a big
advantage of MBBR technology over ASP [1]. Medias can differ from each other in
treatment capabilities, material composition, shape, and specific surface area. The
filling ratio of the carrier plays an important role as it provides sites for the growth of
microbes. The carriers are produced using plastic with a thickness close to 1 g/cm
3
giving them a chance to move easily inside the reactor surely when the limit comes
to 70%. The moving bed shapes originate from the flow float in wastewater treatment
that offers an extended specific surface inside the reactor for the advancement of the
biomass, accomplishing basic reduction surrounded by the natural reactor volume.
A few components have been detailed to influence the execution of MBBR. The
high particular range of the carrier media controls the framework execution which is
as a result of exceptionally high bio-film concentrations nearness in a little reactor
volume [2]. It was detailed that common place bio-film concentrations extend from