Suitable Locations of Ocean Renewable Energy in Coastal Indian …
87
the dimensions of the turbines of the generators used for conversion of energy could
also be largely varied.
Energy from Ocean Currents: Flow of ocean currents, adjudged to be in a relatively
constant flow, comprises displacement of large amounts of ocean water, which generally pretty complexly get affected by wind flow, salinity of ocean water, temperature
differences, and topography of the floor of the ocean among numerous other factors
[20]. This energy is being targeted to be extracted and converted to useful power for
consumption. This conversion can be estimated using the Fraenkel equation which
can be shown as [15, 16]:
P = 0.5 × D × v
3
× n
(1)
where P = net power that can be extracted, D = density of water, v = velocity of
ocean current. n = coefficient (efficiency) of the generator. All the factors considered
should be in Standard International (SI) units.
Energy from Ocean Winds: Wind is already a pretty established source of renewable
energy and finds its sources in many places as a trusted power source [21]. Wind
energy is highly dependent on factors like speed of the find, the density of the air
at that point, the length of the blade used for wind energy conversion among many
others [15]. The power estimation of obtained energy from wind power can be related
using the following formula [17]:
P = 0.5 × D × R
2
× π × v
3
(2)
where P = power which can be extracted from the winds, D = density of air, R
= length of blade used for obtaining wind energy, v = velocity of the wind. All
considered factors are in SI units.
Energy from Ocean Waves: Waves are known to be reservoirs of both kinetic as well
as gravitational potential energy, and the total of the carried energy by the wave being
dependent on its height (H) and its time-period (T ) [15]. The average wave period
was considered as 5 s. The obtained equation from the general equation of wave-train
energy to facilitate the conversion of wave energy as potential power sources can be
demonstrated as hereunder:
E(kW/m
2
) = c × H
2
× T
(3)
where E = energy that can be extracted from ocean waves, c = a constant value
given by Dg
2 /4π (where ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity, and the constant can
be calculated as approximately 7.87 kW m
−3 s
−1 ), H = height of the waves, T =
time-period of the waves. All considered factors are in SI units.
Energy from Ocean Tides: Though tidal energy is not a widely used source of energy
yet, ocean tides are known to have huge potential to be used as a power source. The
tidal energy can be approximately calculated using the formula:
87
the dimensions of the turbines of the generators used for conversion of energy could
also be largely varied.
Energy from Ocean Currents: Flow of ocean currents, adjudged to be in a relatively
constant flow, comprises displacement of large amounts of ocean water, which generally pretty complexly get affected by wind flow, salinity of ocean water, temperature
differences, and topography of the floor of the ocean among numerous other factors
[20]. This energy is being targeted to be extracted and converted to useful power for
consumption. This conversion can be estimated using the Fraenkel equation which
can be shown as [15, 16]:
P = 0.5 × D × v
3
× n
(1)
where P = net power that can be extracted, D = density of water, v = velocity of
ocean current. n = coefficient (efficiency) of the generator. All the factors considered
should be in Standard International (SI) units.
Energy from Ocean Winds: Wind is already a pretty established source of renewable
energy and finds its sources in many places as a trusted power source [21]. Wind
energy is highly dependent on factors like speed of the find, the density of the air
at that point, the length of the blade used for wind energy conversion among many
others [15]. The power estimation of obtained energy from wind power can be related
using the following formula [17]:
P = 0.5 × D × R
2
× π × v
3
(2)
where P = power which can be extracted from the winds, D = density of air, R
= length of blade used for obtaining wind energy, v = velocity of the wind. All
considered factors are in SI units.
Energy from Ocean Waves: Waves are known to be reservoirs of both kinetic as well
as gravitational potential energy, and the total of the carried energy by the wave being
dependent on its height (H) and its time-period (T ) [15]. The average wave period
was considered as 5 s. The obtained equation from the general equation of wave-train
energy to facilitate the conversion of wave energy as potential power sources can be
demonstrated as hereunder:
E(kW/m
2
) = c × H
2
× T
(3)
where E = energy that can be extracted from ocean waves, c = a constant value
given by Dg
2 /4π (where ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity, and the constant can
be calculated as approximately 7.87 kW m
−3 s
−1 ), H = height of the waves, T =
time-period of the waves. All considered factors are in SI units.
Energy from Ocean Tides: Though tidal energy is not a widely used source of energy
yet, ocean tides are known to have huge potential to be used as a power source. The
tidal energy can be approximately calculated using the formula: