683
Sr. no.
Plant part
Response
Parameters
Results
References
10.
Rice husk
(RH), palm
leaf (PL) and
water hyacinth
(WH)
Cu(II), Co(II)
and Fe(III)
ions
Temperature, 25 °C
Time, 0.5–4 h
pH, 7 and 9
Initial metal ion concentration, 300–500 ppm
Initial bioadsorbent concentration, 0.1–1 g/L
Adsorption efficiency (%) using RH,
PL and WH bioadsorbent
for Cu(II), 99.6, 98.8 and 99.2,
respectively; for Co(II), 99.1, 98.8
and 99.4, respectively; for Fe(III),
97.8, 97.5 and 98.6, respectively, at
time (4 h), pH (9) and initial
bioadsorbent concentration (1 g/L)
Sadeek et al. [54]
11.
Roots, stems
and leaves
Cr(VI), phenol Temperature, 30 °C
Time, 16 days for Cr(VI) and 14 days for phenol
Initial Cr(VI) concentration, 5–20 mg/L
Initial phenol concentration, 10–40 mg/L
At initial concentration of 5 mg/L,
99% Cr(VI) was removed in 16 days.
At initial concentration of 10 mg/L,
99.8% phenol was removed
At initial concentration of 5 mg/L
and 10 mg/L, 99% of Cr(VI) and
phenol was removed by binary
solution of Cr(VI) and phenol in 7
and 11 days, respectively
Gupta and
Balomajumder
[55]
12.
Leaves
Methylene blue
and crystal
violet
Temperature, 30 °C
Time, 5 hpH, 3–10
Initial influent concentration:
Methylene blue, about 0.1–2.8 mg/L
Crystal violet, about 1.2–4.5 mg/L
Removal of 97% for methylene blue
and 93% for crystal violet was
observed at pH 10 and initial
concentration of methylene blue and
crystal violet 2.8 mg/L and 4.5 mg/L,
respectively
Mahamadi and
Mawere [56]
13.
Roots, stem
and leaves
Cr(VI)
Solid loading, 0.2–0.6 g
Temperature, 25 °C
Time, 450 min
pH, 1–5
Initial Cr(VI) concentration—10–30 mg/L
Removal up to 73–89% of the metal
with solid loading of 0.2 g, initial
concentration of 10 mg/L and pH
of 1
Mohanty et al.
[57]
14.
Whole plant
Methylene blue Temperature, 27 °C
Time,160 min
pH, 3.7–4.4
Initial methylene blue concentration,
97.2–1187.2 mg/L
Removal of methylene blue of 99%
at initial methylene blue
concentration of 97.2 mg/L
El-Khaiary [58]
Waste Valorization of Water Hyacinth Using Biorefinery Approach: A Sustainable Route
Sr. no.
Plant part
Response
Parameters
Results
References
10.
Rice husk
(RH), palm
leaf (PL) and
water hyacinth
(WH)
Cu(II), Co(II)
and Fe(III)
ions
Temperature, 25 °C
Time, 0.5–4 h
pH, 7 and 9
Initial metal ion concentration, 300–500 ppm
Initial bioadsorbent concentration, 0.1–1 g/L
Adsorption efficiency (%) using RH,
PL and WH bioadsorbent
for Cu(II), 99.6, 98.8 and 99.2,
respectively; for Co(II), 99.1, 98.8
and 99.4, respectively; for Fe(III),
97.8, 97.5 and 98.6, respectively, at
time (4 h), pH (9) and initial
bioadsorbent concentration (1 g/L)
Sadeek et al. [54]
11.
Roots, stems
and leaves
Cr(VI), phenol Temperature, 30 °C
Time, 16 days for Cr(VI) and 14 days for phenol
Initial Cr(VI) concentration, 5–20 mg/L
Initial phenol concentration, 10–40 mg/L
At initial concentration of 5 mg/L,
99% Cr(VI) was removed in 16 days.
At initial concentration of 10 mg/L,
99.8% phenol was removed
At initial concentration of 5 mg/L
and 10 mg/L, 99% of Cr(VI) and
phenol was removed by binary
solution of Cr(VI) and phenol in 7
and 11 days, respectively
Gupta and
Balomajumder
[55]
12.
Leaves
Methylene blue
and crystal
violet
Temperature, 30 °C
Time, 5 hpH, 3–10
Initial influent concentration:
Methylene blue, about 0.1–2.8 mg/L
Crystal violet, about 1.2–4.5 mg/L
Removal of 97% for methylene blue
and 93% for crystal violet was
observed at pH 10 and initial
concentration of methylene blue and
crystal violet 2.8 mg/L and 4.5 mg/L,
respectively
Mahamadi and
Mawere [56]
13.
Roots, stem
and leaves
Cr(VI)
Solid loading, 0.2–0.6 g
Temperature, 25 °C
Time, 450 min
pH, 1–5
Initial Cr(VI) concentration—10–30 mg/L
Removal up to 73–89% of the metal
with solid loading of 0.2 g, initial
concentration of 10 mg/L and pH
of 1
Mohanty et al.
[57]
14.
Whole plant
Methylene blue Temperature, 27 °C
Time,160 min
pH, 3.7–4.4
Initial methylene blue concentration,
97.2–1187.2 mg/L
Removal of methylene blue of 99%
at initial methylene blue
concentration of 97.2 mg/L
El-Khaiary [58]
Waste Valorization of Water Hyacinth Using Biorefinery Approach: A Sustainable Route