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• Increased miscibility of the non-equilibrium components in alloying and
solid solution.
• Improved magnetic properties such as coercivity, super paramagnetization,
saturation magnetization, and magnetocaloric properties.
2. Ceramic-based nanocomposites:
• Increase in the strength, hardness, and abrasion by refining particle size.
• Enhance ductility, toughness, formability, and super plasticity by nanophase.
• Change electrical conduction and magnetic properties by increasing the disordered grain boundary interface.
3. Polymer-based nanocomposites:
• Electrical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties arising from the inorganic materials and enhanced thermal and mechanical stability originating
from the polymeric matrix.
Nanocomposites are multiphase solid materials, which are used as highly active
materials with at least one of the phases such as 1D, 2D, or 3Ds of lower than that
of 100 nm in size. In brief, it can be usually taken as the solid combination of a two
or more components such as bulk matrix and nano-dimensional phase(s) differing
in physicochemical properties because of the variations in structure and chemistry.
Hence, the nanocomposites have different physicochemical properties (e.g., catalytic, thermal, mechanical, optical, electrochemical, and electrical) from the individual component materials. Moreover, these materials have been extensively
applied in various industries including chemical catalysts, cosmetics, medical
devices, drug delivery, electronics, magnetics, and optoelectronics [13–21]. These
nanosized catalysts have better catalytic performances in the chemical industries.
Generally, various effective catalytic applications of these materials are determined
by their structure, composition, particle size, and other parameters [22–27]. This
area is a one of the major challenges in the integration of two dissimilar components/materials with different structures to produce a unique hybrid catalytic system
with various functionalities for real-time application (Fig. 2) [28–31]. Therefore, in
this chapter we will discuss highly efficient nanocomposite catalysts for production
of biofuels and chemicals from furanic compounds.
Currently, the catalytic transformations were rapidly developing research area in
the worldwide which consists of chemical methodologies (~90%) and chemical
production (~60%) [32, 33]. For this, we have to satisfy the crucial demand for high
catalytic performance with the characteristic properties such as better activity,
excellent selectivity, and outstanding stability. Catalysis (especially heterogeneous
catalysis) has been undertaking broad examinations and innovative advances convoyed by abundant ability in nanoscience and nanotechnology [34]. The main
advantages of heterogeneous catalysis over other catalyses like the homogeneous
one are easy separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture, recyclability of used
catalysts, minimization of waste production, etc., which have been well-described
in standard textbooks of catalysis. Further, single-component heterogeneous
Efficient Nanocomposite Catalysts for Sustainable Production of Biofuels and…
• Increased miscibility of the non-equilibrium components in alloying and
solid solution.
• Improved magnetic properties such as coercivity, super paramagnetization,
saturation magnetization, and magnetocaloric properties.
2. Ceramic-based nanocomposites:
• Increase in the strength, hardness, and abrasion by refining particle size.
• Enhance ductility, toughness, formability, and super plasticity by nanophase.
• Change electrical conduction and magnetic properties by increasing the disordered grain boundary interface.
3. Polymer-based nanocomposites:
• Electrical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties arising from the inorganic materials and enhanced thermal and mechanical stability originating
from the polymeric matrix.
Nanocomposites are multiphase solid materials, which are used as highly active
materials with at least one of the phases such as 1D, 2D, or 3Ds of lower than that
of 100 nm in size. In brief, it can be usually taken as the solid combination of a two
or more components such as bulk matrix and nano-dimensional phase(s) differing
in physicochemical properties because of the variations in structure and chemistry.
Hence, the nanocomposites have different physicochemical properties (e.g., catalytic, thermal, mechanical, optical, electrochemical, and electrical) from the individual component materials. Moreover, these materials have been extensively
applied in various industries including chemical catalysts, cosmetics, medical
devices, drug delivery, electronics, magnetics, and optoelectronics [13–21]. These
nanosized catalysts have better catalytic performances in the chemical industries.
Generally, various effective catalytic applications of these materials are determined
by their structure, composition, particle size, and other parameters [22–27]. This
area is a one of the major challenges in the integration of two dissimilar components/materials with different structures to produce a unique hybrid catalytic system
with various functionalities for real-time application (Fig. 2) [28–31]. Therefore, in
this chapter we will discuss highly efficient nanocomposite catalysts for production
of biofuels and chemicals from furanic compounds.
Currently, the catalytic transformations were rapidly developing research area in
the worldwide which consists of chemical methodologies (~90%) and chemical
production (~60%) [32, 33]. For this, we have to satisfy the crucial demand for high
catalytic performance with the characteristic properties such as better activity,
excellent selectivity, and outstanding stability. Catalysis (especially heterogeneous
catalysis) has been undertaking broad examinations and innovative advances convoyed by abundant ability in nanoscience and nanotechnology [34]. The main
advantages of heterogeneous catalysis over other catalyses like the homogeneous
one are easy separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture, recyclability of used
catalysts, minimization of waste production, etc., which have been well-described
in standard textbooks of catalysis. Further, single-component heterogeneous
Efficient Nanocomposite Catalysts for Sustainable Production of Biofuels and…