336
7. Stocker M (2008) Biofuels and biomass-to-liquid fuels in the biorefinery: catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass using porous materials. Angew Chem 47:9200–9211
8. Bevilaqua DB, Rambo MKD, Rizzetti TM, Cardoso AL, Martins AF (2013) Cleaner production: levulinic acid from rice husks. J Clean Prod 47:96–101
9. Yang Z, Kang H, Guo Y, Zhuang G, Bai Z, Zhang H, Feng C, Dong Y (2013) Dilute-acid
conversion of cotton straw to sugars and levulinic acid via 2-stage hydrolysis. Ind Crop Prod
46:205–209
10. Victor A, Pulidindi IN, Gedanken A (2014) Levulinic acid production from Cicer arietinum,
cotton, Pinus radiata and sugarcane bagasse. RSC Adv 4:44706–44711
11. Morone A, Apte M, Pandey RA (2015) Levulinic acid production from renewable waste
resources: bottlenecks, potential remedies, advancements and applications. Renew Sust
Energ Rev 51:548–565
12. Tabasso S, Montoneri E, Carnaroglio D, Caporaso M, Cravotto G (2014) Microwave-assisted
flash conversion of non-edible polysaccharides and post-harvest tomato plant waste to levulinic acid. Green Chem 16:73–76
13. Li J, Jiang Z, Hu L, Hu C (2014) Selective conversion of cellulose in corncob residue to levulinic acid in an aluminum trichloride–sodium chloride system. ChemSusChem 7:2482–2488
14. Peng L, Lin L, Zhang J, Zhuang J, Zhang B, Gong Y (2010) Catalytic conversion of cellulose
to levulinic acid by metal chlorides. Molecules 15:5258–5272
15. Upare PP, Yoon J-W, Kim MY, Kang H-Y, Hwang DW, Hwang YK, Kung HH, Chang J-S
(2013) Chemical conversion of biomass-derived hexose sugars to levulinic acid over sulfonic
acid-functionalized graphene oxide catalysts. Green Chem 15:2935–2943
16. Hegner J, Pereira KC, DeBoef B, Lucht BL (2010) Conversion of cellulose to glucose and
levulinic acid via solid-supported acid catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 51:2356–2358
17. Weingarten R, Kim YT, Tompsett GA, Fernández A, Han KS, Hagaman EW, Conner WC
Jr, Dumesic JA, Huber GW (2013) Conversion of glucose into levulinic acid with solid
metal(IV) phosphate catalysts. J Catal 304:123–134
18. Ramli NAS, Amin NAS (2015) Fe/HY zeolite as an effective catalyst for levulinic acid production from glucose: characterization and catalytic performance. Appl Catal B Environ
163:487–498
19. Suacharoen S, Tungasmita DN (2013) Hydrothermolysis of carbohydrates to levulinic acid
using metal supported on porous aluminosilicate. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 88:1538–1544
20. Szabolcs A, Molnar M, Dibo G, Mika LT (2013) Microwave-assisted conversion of carbohydrates to levulinic acid: an essential step in biomass conversion. Green Chem 15:439–445
21. Shen Y, Sun J-K, Yi Y-X, Wang B, Xu F, Sun RC (2015) One-pot synthesis of levulinic acid
from cellulose in ionic liquids. Bioresour Technol 192:812–816
22. Ren H, Girisuta B, Zhou Y, Liu L (2015) Selective and recyclable depolymerization of cellulose to levulinic acid catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid. Carbohydr Polym 117:569–576
23. Ren H, Zhou Y, Liu L (2013) Selective conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid via microwave-assisted synthesis in ionic liquids. Bioresour Technol 129:616–619
24. Sun Z, Xue L, Wang S, Wang X, Shi J (2016) Single step conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid using temperature-responsive dodeca-aluminotungstic acid catalysts. Green Chem
18:742–752
25. Saravanamurugan S, Riisager A (2013) Zeolite catalyzed transformation of carbohydrates to
alkyl levulinates. ChemCatChem 5:1754–1757
26. Wang G, Zhang Z, Song L (2014) Efficient and selective alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol
to alkyl levulinates catalyzed by double SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids. Green Chem
16:1436–1443
27. Zhang Z, Dong K, Zhao ZK (2011) Efficient conversion of furfuryl alcohol into alkyl
levulinates catalyzed by an organic-inorganic hybrid solid acid catalyst. ChemSusChem
4:112–118
28. Demma Carà P, Ciriminna R, Shiju NR, Rothenberg G, Pagliaro M (2014) Enhanced heterogeneous catalytic conversion of furfuryl alcohol into butyl levulinate. ChemSusChem
7:835–840
S. Gundekari et al.
7. Stocker M (2008) Biofuels and biomass-to-liquid fuels in the biorefinery: catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass using porous materials. Angew Chem 47:9200–9211
8. Bevilaqua DB, Rambo MKD, Rizzetti TM, Cardoso AL, Martins AF (2013) Cleaner production: levulinic acid from rice husks. J Clean Prod 47:96–101
9. Yang Z, Kang H, Guo Y, Zhuang G, Bai Z, Zhang H, Feng C, Dong Y (2013) Dilute-acid
conversion of cotton straw to sugars and levulinic acid via 2-stage hydrolysis. Ind Crop Prod
46:205–209
10. Victor A, Pulidindi IN, Gedanken A (2014) Levulinic acid production from Cicer arietinum,
cotton, Pinus radiata and sugarcane bagasse. RSC Adv 4:44706–44711
11. Morone A, Apte M, Pandey RA (2015) Levulinic acid production from renewable waste
resources: bottlenecks, potential remedies, advancements and applications. Renew Sust
Energ Rev 51:548–565
12. Tabasso S, Montoneri E, Carnaroglio D, Caporaso M, Cravotto G (2014) Microwave-assisted
flash conversion of non-edible polysaccharides and post-harvest tomato plant waste to levulinic acid. Green Chem 16:73–76
13. Li J, Jiang Z, Hu L, Hu C (2014) Selective conversion of cellulose in corncob residue to levulinic acid in an aluminum trichloride–sodium chloride system. ChemSusChem 7:2482–2488
14. Peng L, Lin L, Zhang J, Zhuang J, Zhang B, Gong Y (2010) Catalytic conversion of cellulose
to levulinic acid by metal chlorides. Molecules 15:5258–5272
15. Upare PP, Yoon J-W, Kim MY, Kang H-Y, Hwang DW, Hwang YK, Kung HH, Chang J-S
(2013) Chemical conversion of biomass-derived hexose sugars to levulinic acid over sulfonic
acid-functionalized graphene oxide catalysts. Green Chem 15:2935–2943
16. Hegner J, Pereira KC, DeBoef B, Lucht BL (2010) Conversion of cellulose to glucose and
levulinic acid via solid-supported acid catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 51:2356–2358
17. Weingarten R, Kim YT, Tompsett GA, Fernández A, Han KS, Hagaman EW, Conner WC
Jr, Dumesic JA, Huber GW (2013) Conversion of glucose into levulinic acid with solid
metal(IV) phosphate catalysts. J Catal 304:123–134
18. Ramli NAS, Amin NAS (2015) Fe/HY zeolite as an effective catalyst for levulinic acid production from glucose: characterization and catalytic performance. Appl Catal B Environ
163:487–498
19. Suacharoen S, Tungasmita DN (2013) Hydrothermolysis of carbohydrates to levulinic acid
using metal supported on porous aluminosilicate. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 88:1538–1544
20. Szabolcs A, Molnar M, Dibo G, Mika LT (2013) Microwave-assisted conversion of carbohydrates to levulinic acid: an essential step in biomass conversion. Green Chem 15:439–445
21. Shen Y, Sun J-K, Yi Y-X, Wang B, Xu F, Sun RC (2015) One-pot synthesis of levulinic acid
from cellulose in ionic liquids. Bioresour Technol 192:812–816
22. Ren H, Girisuta B, Zhou Y, Liu L (2015) Selective and recyclable depolymerization of cellulose to levulinic acid catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid. Carbohydr Polym 117:569–576
23. Ren H, Zhou Y, Liu L (2013) Selective conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid via microwave-assisted synthesis in ionic liquids. Bioresour Technol 129:616–619
24. Sun Z, Xue L, Wang S, Wang X, Shi J (2016) Single step conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid using temperature-responsive dodeca-aluminotungstic acid catalysts. Green Chem
18:742–752
25. Saravanamurugan S, Riisager A (2013) Zeolite catalyzed transformation of carbohydrates to
alkyl levulinates. ChemCatChem 5:1754–1757
26. Wang G, Zhang Z, Song L (2014) Efficient and selective alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol
to alkyl levulinates catalyzed by double SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids. Green Chem
16:1436–1443
27. Zhang Z, Dong K, Zhao ZK (2011) Efficient conversion of furfuryl alcohol into alkyl
levulinates catalyzed by an organic-inorganic hybrid solid acid catalyst. ChemSusChem
4:112–118
28. Demma Carà P, Ciriminna R, Shiju NR, Rothenberg G, Pagliaro M (2014) Enhanced heterogeneous catalytic conversion of furfuryl alcohol into butyl levulinate. ChemSusChem
7:835–840
S. Gundekari et al.