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S0016- 2361(02)00324- 1
105. Ishihara A, Dumeignil F, Lee J, Mitsuhashi K, Qian EW, Kabe T (2005) Hydrodesulfurization
of sulfur-containing polyaromatic compounds in light gas oil using noble metal catalysts.
Appl Catal A Gen 289(2):163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2005.04.056
106. Prapaiwatcharapan K, Sunphorka S, Kuchonthara P, Kangvansaichol K, Hinchiranan N
(2015) Single- and two-step hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae in a semi-continuous
reactor: effect of the operating parameters. Bioresour Technol 191:426–432. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.027
107. Barreiro D, Gómez BR, Ronsse F, Hornung U, Kruse A, Prins W (2016) Heterogeneous catalytic upgrading of biocrude oil produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae: state of
the art and own experiments. Fuel Process Technol 148:117–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
fuproc.2016.02.034
108. Akiya N, Savage PE (2002) Roles of water for chemical reactions in high-temperature water.
Chem Rev 102(8):2725–2750. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr000668w
109. Tekin K, Karagöz S, Bektaş S (2014) A review of hydrothermal biomass processing. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev 40:673–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.216
110. Wang Z, Adhikari S, Valdez P, Shakya R, Laird C (2016) Upgrading of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude from algae grown in municipal wastewater. Fuel Process Technol 142:147–156.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.10.015
111. Costanzo W, Hilten R, Jena U, Das KC, Kastner JR (2016) Effect of low temperature hydrothermal liquefaction on catalytic hydrodenitrogenation of algae biocrude and model macromolecules. Algal Res 13:53–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.11.009
112. Faeth JL, Valdez PJ, Savage PE (2013) Fast hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis
sp. to produce biocrude. Energy Fuel 27(3):1391–1398. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef301925d
113. Sawayama S, Minowa T, Yokoyama S-Y (1999) Possibility of renewable energy production and CO 2 mitigation by thermochemical liquefaction of microalgae. Biomass Bioenergy
17(1):33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961- 9534(99)00019- 7
114. Shuping Z, Yulong W, Mingde Y, Kaleem I, Chun L, Tong J (2010) Production and characterization of bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta cake.
Energy 35(12):5406–5411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.07.013
115. Shakya R, Whelen J, Adhikari S, Mahadevan R, Neupane S (2015) Effect of temperature
and Na 2 CO 3 catalyst on hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. Algal Res 12:80–90. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.006
116. Busca G (2014) Heterogeneous catalysts and biomass conversion. In: Heterogeneous catalytic materials: solid state chemistry, surface chemistry and catalytic behavior, 1st edn.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 429–446
117. Emdadi L, Oh SC, Wu Y, Oliaee SN, Diao Y, Zhu G, Liu D (2016) The role of external acidity of meso−/microporous zeolites in determining selectivity for acid-catalyzed reactions of
benzyl alcohol. J Catal 335:165–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2015.12.021
118. Gao L, Sun J, Xu W, Xiao G (2017) Catalytic pyrolysis of natural algae over mg-Al layered
double oxides/ZSM-5 (MgAl-LDO/ZSM-5) for producing bio-oil with low nitrogen content.
Bioresour Technol 225:293–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.077
119. Garcia-Moscoso JL, Obeid W, Kumar S, Hatcher PG (2013) Flash hydrolysis of microalgae
(Scenedesmus sp.) for protein extraction and production of biofuel intermediates. J Supercrit
Fluids 82:183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2013.07.012
120. Guan Q, Wei C, Ning P, tian S, Gu J (2013) Catalytic gasification of algae Nannochloropsis
sp. in sub/supercritical water. Proc Environ Sci 18:844–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
proenv.2013.04.113
121. Muppaneni T, Reddy HK, Selvaratnam T, Dandamudi KPR, Dungan B, Nirmalakhandan N,
Schaub T, Holguin FO, Voorhies W, Lammers P, Deng S (2017) Hydrothermal liquefaction
of Cyanidioschyzon merolae and the influence of catalysts on products. Bioresour Technol
223:91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.022
Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae
104. Babich IV, Moulijn JA (2003) Science and technology of novel processes for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams: a review. Fuel 82(6):607–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0016- 2361(02)00324- 1
105. Ishihara A, Dumeignil F, Lee J, Mitsuhashi K, Qian EW, Kabe T (2005) Hydrodesulfurization
of sulfur-containing polyaromatic compounds in light gas oil using noble metal catalysts.
Appl Catal A Gen 289(2):163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2005.04.056
106. Prapaiwatcharapan K, Sunphorka S, Kuchonthara P, Kangvansaichol K, Hinchiranan N
(2015) Single- and two-step hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae in a semi-continuous
reactor: effect of the operating parameters. Bioresour Technol 191:426–432. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.027
107. Barreiro D, Gómez BR, Ronsse F, Hornung U, Kruse A, Prins W (2016) Heterogeneous catalytic upgrading of biocrude oil produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae: state of
the art and own experiments. Fuel Process Technol 148:117–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
fuproc.2016.02.034
108. Akiya N, Savage PE (2002) Roles of water for chemical reactions in high-temperature water.
Chem Rev 102(8):2725–2750. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr000668w
109. Tekin K, Karagöz S, Bektaş S (2014) A review of hydrothermal biomass processing. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev 40:673–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.216
110. Wang Z, Adhikari S, Valdez P, Shakya R, Laird C (2016) Upgrading of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude from algae grown in municipal wastewater. Fuel Process Technol 142:147–156.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.10.015
111. Costanzo W, Hilten R, Jena U, Das KC, Kastner JR (2016) Effect of low temperature hydrothermal liquefaction on catalytic hydrodenitrogenation of algae biocrude and model macromolecules. Algal Res 13:53–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.11.009
112. Faeth JL, Valdez PJ, Savage PE (2013) Fast hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis
sp. to produce biocrude. Energy Fuel 27(3):1391–1398. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef301925d
113. Sawayama S, Minowa T, Yokoyama S-Y (1999) Possibility of renewable energy production and CO 2 mitigation by thermochemical liquefaction of microalgae. Biomass Bioenergy
17(1):33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961- 9534(99)00019- 7
114. Shuping Z, Yulong W, Mingde Y, Kaleem I, Chun L, Tong J (2010) Production and characterization of bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta cake.
Energy 35(12):5406–5411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.07.013
115. Shakya R, Whelen J, Adhikari S, Mahadevan R, Neupane S (2015) Effect of temperature
and Na 2 CO 3 catalyst on hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. Algal Res 12:80–90. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.006
116. Busca G (2014) Heterogeneous catalysts and biomass conversion. In: Heterogeneous catalytic materials: solid state chemistry, surface chemistry and catalytic behavior, 1st edn.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 429–446
117. Emdadi L, Oh SC, Wu Y, Oliaee SN, Diao Y, Zhu G, Liu D (2016) The role of external acidity of meso−/microporous zeolites in determining selectivity for acid-catalyzed reactions of
benzyl alcohol. J Catal 335:165–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2015.12.021
118. Gao L, Sun J, Xu W, Xiao G (2017) Catalytic pyrolysis of natural algae over mg-Al layered
double oxides/ZSM-5 (MgAl-LDO/ZSM-5) for producing bio-oil with low nitrogen content.
Bioresour Technol 225:293–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.077
119. Garcia-Moscoso JL, Obeid W, Kumar S, Hatcher PG (2013) Flash hydrolysis of microalgae
(Scenedesmus sp.) for protein extraction and production of biofuel intermediates. J Supercrit
Fluids 82:183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2013.07.012
120. Guan Q, Wei C, Ning P, tian S, Gu J (2013) Catalytic gasification of algae Nannochloropsis
sp. in sub/supercritical water. Proc Environ Sci 18:844–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
proenv.2013.04.113
121. Muppaneni T, Reddy HK, Selvaratnam T, Dandamudi KPR, Dungan B, Nirmalakhandan N,
Schaub T, Holguin FO, Voorhies W, Lammers P, Deng S (2017) Hydrothermal liquefaction
of Cyanidioschyzon merolae and the influence of catalysts on products. Bioresour Technol
223:91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.022
Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae