A study using coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models
for this glacial period shows that rainfall was indeed more
intense 20,000 years ago in Northeast Brazil and the tropical
South Atlantic, the cradle of Andean precipitation (Khodri
2009).
References
Bradley, R. S., Vuille, M. Hardy, D., & Thompson, L. G. (2003). Low
latitude ice cores record Pacific sea surface temperatures. Geophysical Research Letters, 30. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016546.
Gilbert, A., Wagnon, P., Vincent, C., Ginot, P., & Funk, M. (2010).
Atmospheric warming at a high-elevation tropical site revealed by
englacial temperatures at Illimani, Bolivia (6340 m above sea level,
16° S, 67° W). Journal Geophysical Research, 115, D10109.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012961.
Ginot, P., Kull, C., Schotterer, U., Schwikowski, M., & Gäggeler, H.
W. (2006). Glacier mass balance reconstruction by sublimation
induced enrichment of chemical species on Cerro Tapado (Chilean
Andes). Climate of the Past, 2, 21–30.
Hoffmann, G., Ramirez, E., Taupin, J. D., Francou, B., Ribstein, P.,
Delmas, R., Dürr, H., Gallaire, R., Simoes, J., Schotterer, U.,
Stievenard, M., & Werner, M. (2003). Coherent isotope history of
Andean ice cores over the last century. Geophysical Research
Letters, 30, 1179–1184.
Hoffmann, G. (2003). Taking the pulse of the tropical water cycle.
Science, 301, 776–777.
Jomelli, V., Favier, V., Rabatel, A., Brunstein, D., Hoffmann, G., &
Francou, B. (2009). Fluctuations of glaciers in the tropical andes
over the last millennium and palaeoclimatic implications: A review.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 281, 269–
282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.033.
Khodri, M. (2009). Sensitivity of South American tropical climate to
last glacial maximum boundary conditions: Focus on teleconnections with tropics and extratropics. In F. Vimeux, F. Sylvestre, & M.
Khodri (Eds.), Developments in paleoenvironmental research series
(DPER) (Vol. 14, XVII, 418 p. 106 illus., 61 in color). Springer.
ISBN 978-90-481-2671-2.
Risi, C., Bony, S., & Vimeux, F. (2008). Influence of convective
processes on the isotopic composition (d
18
O and dD) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics, part 2: Physical interpretation
of the amount effect. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113,
D19306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009943.
Thompson, L. G., Davis, M. E., Mosley-Thompson, E., Sowers, T.A.,
Henderson, K. A, Zagorodnov, V. S., Lin, P.-N., Mikhalenko, V.
N., Campen, R. K., Bolzan, J. F., Cole-Dai, J., & Francou, B.
(1998). A 25,000-Year tropical climate history from bolivian ice
cores. Science, 282, 1858–1864.
Thompson, L. G., Yao, T., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M. E,
Henderson, K. A., & Lin, P. -N. (2000). A high-resolution
millennial record of the South Asian monsoon from himalayan ice
cores. Science, 289, 1916–1919.
Thompson, L. G., Mosley Thompson, E., Davis, M. E., Henderson, K.
A., Brecher, H. H., Zagorodnov, V. S., et al. (2002). Kilimanjaro ice
core records: Evidence of Holocene climate change in tropical
Africa. Science, 298, 589–593.
Thompson, L. G., Mosley Thompson, E., Brecher, H., Davis,M., Leon,
B., Les, D., Lin, P.-N., Mashiotta, T., & Mountain, K. (2006).
Abrupt tropical climate change: Past and present. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 103, 10536–10543.
Vimeux, F., Gallaire, R., Bony, S., Hoffmann, G., Chiang, J., &
Fuertes, R. (2005). What are the climate controls on isotopic
Fig. 20.3 Isotopic composition
in deuterium (‰) over the last
meters of the Illimani core and
isotopic composition of oxygen
(‰) of air trapped in the bubbles
222
F. Vimeux
for this glacial period shows that rainfall was indeed more
intense 20,000 years ago in Northeast Brazil and the tropical
South Atlantic, the cradle of Andean precipitation (Khodri
2009).
References
Bradley, R. S., Vuille, M. Hardy, D., & Thompson, L. G. (2003). Low
latitude ice cores record Pacific sea surface temperatures. Geophysical Research Letters, 30. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016546.
Gilbert, A., Wagnon, P., Vincent, C., Ginot, P., & Funk, M. (2010).
Atmospheric warming at a high-elevation tropical site revealed by
englacial temperatures at Illimani, Bolivia (6340 m above sea level,
16° S, 67° W). Journal Geophysical Research, 115, D10109.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012961.
Ginot, P., Kull, C., Schotterer, U., Schwikowski, M., & Gäggeler, H.
W. (2006). Glacier mass balance reconstruction by sublimation
induced enrichment of chemical species on Cerro Tapado (Chilean
Andes). Climate of the Past, 2, 21–30.
Hoffmann, G., Ramirez, E., Taupin, J. D., Francou, B., Ribstein, P.,
Delmas, R., Dürr, H., Gallaire, R., Simoes, J., Schotterer, U.,
Stievenard, M., & Werner, M. (2003). Coherent isotope history of
Andean ice cores over the last century. Geophysical Research
Letters, 30, 1179–1184.
Hoffmann, G. (2003). Taking the pulse of the tropical water cycle.
Science, 301, 776–777.
Jomelli, V., Favier, V., Rabatel, A., Brunstein, D., Hoffmann, G., &
Francou, B. (2009). Fluctuations of glaciers in the tropical andes
over the last millennium and palaeoclimatic implications: A review.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 281, 269–
282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.033.
Khodri, M. (2009). Sensitivity of South American tropical climate to
last glacial maximum boundary conditions: Focus on teleconnections with tropics and extratropics. In F. Vimeux, F. Sylvestre, & M.
Khodri (Eds.), Developments in paleoenvironmental research series
(DPER) (Vol. 14, XVII, 418 p. 106 illus., 61 in color). Springer.
ISBN 978-90-481-2671-2.
Risi, C., Bony, S., & Vimeux, F. (2008). Influence of convective
processes on the isotopic composition (d
18
O and dD) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics, part 2: Physical interpretation
of the amount effect. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113,
D19306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009943.
Thompson, L. G., Davis, M. E., Mosley-Thompson, E., Sowers, T.A.,
Henderson, K. A, Zagorodnov, V. S., Lin, P.-N., Mikhalenko, V.
N., Campen, R. K., Bolzan, J. F., Cole-Dai, J., & Francou, B.
(1998). A 25,000-Year tropical climate history from bolivian ice
cores. Science, 282, 1858–1864.
Thompson, L. G., Yao, T., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M. E,
Henderson, K. A., & Lin, P. -N. (2000). A high-resolution
millennial record of the South Asian monsoon from himalayan ice
cores. Science, 289, 1916–1919.
Thompson, L. G., Mosley Thompson, E., Davis, M. E., Henderson, K.
A., Brecher, H. H., Zagorodnov, V. S., et al. (2002). Kilimanjaro ice
core records: Evidence of Holocene climate change in tropical
Africa. Science, 298, 589–593.
Thompson, L. G., Mosley Thompson, E., Brecher, H., Davis,M., Leon,
B., Les, D., Lin, P.-N., Mashiotta, T., & Mountain, K. (2006).
Abrupt tropical climate change: Past and present. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 103, 10536–10543.
Vimeux, F., Gallaire, R., Bony, S., Hoffmann, G., Chiang, J., &
Fuertes, R. (2005). What are the climate controls on isotopic
Fig. 20.3 Isotopic composition
in deuterium (‰) over the last
meters of the Illimani core and
isotopic composition of oxygen
(‰) of air trapped in the bubbles
222
F. Vimeux