d
18 O P records provide quantitative hydro-meteorological
information, which is largely independent of the biological
response to climate change and thus can be used as a reference in multidisciplinary studies. For Central and Northwest
Europe, those d
18 O P records can be considered as a reasonable proxy for the mean air temperature. A calibration of the
d
18 O record from Ammersee for the 200-year long period of
instrumental climate observation confirmed the d
18 O P /temperature relationship derived from precipitation measurements (0.58‰/°C) for the last three decades in Europe.
Independent qualitative evidence for colder air temperatures
during the Younger Dryas could be extracted from water- and
isotope-based shallow water temperature reconstruction,
which further confirms the temperature-dependence of d
18 O P
in Europe. However, d
18 O P records provide excellent quantitative paleoclimatic information even for regions where
such a temperature-dependence is absent or weak. High
quality d
18 O P records are also very useful to increase the
significance of d
18 O records from archives, which are more
affected or dominated by secondary isotopic effects. Deeplake ostracod valves from carefully selected lakes are, at the
moment, the best material to obtain quantitative d
18 O P
records for significant time periods from temperate, nonglaciated areas. As such, they merit more consideration as a
climate proxy in future research strategies.
Beside d
18
O P -reconstruction, deep-lake ostracod-based
oxygen isotope records have been successfully used to
unscramble the complex hydrological changes in the Great
Lakes Basin, and, in combination with geomorphological
lake level reconstruction, to provide information on the
water balance development and humidity in hydrologically
closed basins. In all cases, deep-lake ostracods provide very
precise estimates for the isotopic composition of former lake
water, which can be used as a reference to quantify the
secondary effects on d
18 O of all other authigenic material
produced in the same lake, such as water temperaturedependent fractionation in the case of littoral and sublittoral
ostracods.
Perspectives
In future, archived and new core material from Ammersee,
Mondsee, Lac d’Annecy, and Lago d’Iseo will be used to
close the existing gaps and to provide optimally resolved
d
18 O P records for the entire period since the last glacial
maximum. Besides their direct application as proxies for
mean annual air temperatures, records of decadal d
18 O P
variations in Europe offer many possibilities for further
hydrogeological and paleoclimatological studies. They could
serve as ‘marker input function’ into groundwater and thus
allow a better exploitation of stable isotope measurements of
fossil groundwater for the last 15,500 years, which, for the
moment, is considered as a simple, one-step function from
cold, isotopically-depleted to present-day values. They will
also facilitate quantification and climatic interpretation of
records from less direct continental isotopic archives such as
tree rings, shallow-water lake records, and stalagmites.
Although lakes with the potential to provide a quantitative
d
18 O P record are characterized by a narrow range of hydrological and geomorphological settings, there are at least ten
suitable candidates identified in Europe, for which a limited
dataset of water isotopes exists. Those lakes could in future
be exploited to provide a network of reasonably well distributed and highly resolved d
18 O P records. It is likely that at
least a similar number of such lakes can be found in the
temperate regions of North and South America and within
other formerly glaciated mountain ranges around the globe.
References
Alefs, J., Müller, J., & Wunsam, S. (1996). Die Rekonstruktion der
epilimnischen Phosphorkonzentrationen im Ammersee seit 1958.
Gwf Wasser Abwasser, 137(8), 443–448.
Andersen, N., Lauterbach, S., Erlenkeuser, H., Danielopol, D.L.,
Namiotko, T., Hüls, M., et al., (2017). Evidence for
higher-than-average air temperatures after the 8.2 ka event provided
by a Central European d
18
O record. Quaternary Science Reviews,
172, OP- 96.
Bornemann, A., Pirkenseer, C. M., De Deckker, P., & Speijer, R.
P. (2012). Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation of marine
ostracod calcite from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Chemical
Geology, 310–311, 114–125.
Chivas, A. R., de Deckker, P., Cali, J. A., Chapman, A., Kiss, E., &
Shelley, J. M. G. (1993). Coupled stable-isotope and trace-element
measurements of lacustrine carbonates as paleoclimatic indicators.
In P. K. Swart, K. C. Lohmann, J. Mckenzie & S. Savin (Eds.),
Climate change in continental isotopic records. School of Marine
and Atmospheric Science.
Chivas, A., De Deckker, P., Wang, S. X., & Cali, J.A.
(2002) Oxygen-isotope systematics of the nektic ostracod Australocypris robusta. In J. A. Holmes, A. R. Chivas (Eds.), Ostracoda,
applications in quaternary research. Geophysical Monograph
Series (Vol. 131, pp. 301–313). American Geophysical Union
(AGU).
Colman, S. M., Keigwin, L. D., & Forester, R. M. (1994). Two
episodes of meltwater influx from Lake Agassiz into the Lake
Michigan basin and their climatic contrasts. Geology, 22, 547–550.
Czymzik, M., Brauer, A., Dulski, P., Plessen, B., Naumann, R., von
Grafenstein, U., et al. (2013). Orbital and solar forcing of shifts in
Mid- to Late Holocene flood intensity from varved sediments of
pre-alpine Lake Ammersee (southern Germany). Quaternary
Science Reviews, 61, 96–110.
Danielopol, D. L., Ito, E., Wansard, G., Kamiya, T., Cronin, T.M., &
Baltanas, A. (2002) Techniques for collection and study of
ostracoda. In J. A. Holmes & A. R. Chivas (Eds.), Ostracoda,
Applications in quaternary research, Geophysical Monograph
Series (Vol. 131, pp. 65–97). American Geophysical Union (AGU).
Danis, P. A., von Grafenstein, U., & Masson-Delmotte, V. (2003) Sensitivity of deep lake temperature to past and future climatic changes:
A modelling study for Lac d’Annecy, France, and Ammersee,
Germany. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 10(D19).
15 Air-Interface: d
18 O Records of Past Meteoric Water Using …
193
18 O P records provide quantitative hydro-meteorological
information, which is largely independent of the biological
response to climate change and thus can be used as a reference in multidisciplinary studies. For Central and Northwest
Europe, those d
18 O P records can be considered as a reasonable proxy for the mean air temperature. A calibration of the
d
18 O record from Ammersee for the 200-year long period of
instrumental climate observation confirmed the d
18 O P /temperature relationship derived from precipitation measurements (0.58‰/°C) for the last three decades in Europe.
Independent qualitative evidence for colder air temperatures
during the Younger Dryas could be extracted from water- and
isotope-based shallow water temperature reconstruction,
which further confirms the temperature-dependence of d
18 O P
in Europe. However, d
18 O P records provide excellent quantitative paleoclimatic information even for regions where
such a temperature-dependence is absent or weak. High
quality d
18 O P records are also very useful to increase the
significance of d
18 O records from archives, which are more
affected or dominated by secondary isotopic effects. Deeplake ostracod valves from carefully selected lakes are, at the
moment, the best material to obtain quantitative d
18 O P
records for significant time periods from temperate, nonglaciated areas. As such, they merit more consideration as a
climate proxy in future research strategies.
Beside d
18
O P -reconstruction, deep-lake ostracod-based
oxygen isotope records have been successfully used to
unscramble the complex hydrological changes in the Great
Lakes Basin, and, in combination with geomorphological
lake level reconstruction, to provide information on the
water balance development and humidity in hydrologically
closed basins. In all cases, deep-lake ostracods provide very
precise estimates for the isotopic composition of former lake
water, which can be used as a reference to quantify the
secondary effects on d
18 O of all other authigenic material
produced in the same lake, such as water temperaturedependent fractionation in the case of littoral and sublittoral
ostracods.
Perspectives
In future, archived and new core material from Ammersee,
Mondsee, Lac d’Annecy, and Lago d’Iseo will be used to
close the existing gaps and to provide optimally resolved
d
18 O P records for the entire period since the last glacial
maximum. Besides their direct application as proxies for
mean annual air temperatures, records of decadal d
18 O P
variations in Europe offer many possibilities for further
hydrogeological and paleoclimatological studies. They could
serve as ‘marker input function’ into groundwater and thus
allow a better exploitation of stable isotope measurements of
fossil groundwater for the last 15,500 years, which, for the
moment, is considered as a simple, one-step function from
cold, isotopically-depleted to present-day values. They will
also facilitate quantification and climatic interpretation of
records from less direct continental isotopic archives such as
tree rings, shallow-water lake records, and stalagmites.
Although lakes with the potential to provide a quantitative
d
18 O P record are characterized by a narrow range of hydrological and geomorphological settings, there are at least ten
suitable candidates identified in Europe, for which a limited
dataset of water isotopes exists. Those lakes could in future
be exploited to provide a network of reasonably well distributed and highly resolved d
18 O P records. It is likely that at
least a similar number of such lakes can be found in the
temperate regions of North and South America and within
other formerly glaciated mountain ranges around the globe.
References
Alefs, J., Müller, J., & Wunsam, S. (1996). Die Rekonstruktion der
epilimnischen Phosphorkonzentrationen im Ammersee seit 1958.
Gwf Wasser Abwasser, 137(8), 443–448.
Andersen, N., Lauterbach, S., Erlenkeuser, H., Danielopol, D.L.,
Namiotko, T., Hüls, M., et al., (2017). Evidence for
higher-than-average air temperatures after the 8.2 ka event provided
by a Central European d
18
O record. Quaternary Science Reviews,
172, OP- 96.
Bornemann, A., Pirkenseer, C. M., De Deckker, P., & Speijer, R.
P. (2012). Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation of marine
ostracod calcite from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Chemical
Geology, 310–311, 114–125.
Chivas, A. R., de Deckker, P., Cali, J. A., Chapman, A., Kiss, E., &
Shelley, J. M. G. (1993). Coupled stable-isotope and trace-element
measurements of lacustrine carbonates as paleoclimatic indicators.
In P. K. Swart, K. C. Lohmann, J. Mckenzie & S. Savin (Eds.),
Climate change in continental isotopic records. School of Marine
and Atmospheric Science.
Chivas, A., De Deckker, P., Wang, S. X., & Cali, J.A.
(2002) Oxygen-isotope systematics of the nektic ostracod Australocypris robusta. In J. A. Holmes, A. R. Chivas (Eds.), Ostracoda,
applications in quaternary research. Geophysical Monograph
Series (Vol. 131, pp. 301–313). American Geophysical Union
(AGU).
Colman, S. M., Keigwin, L. D., & Forester, R. M. (1994). Two
episodes of meltwater influx from Lake Agassiz into the Lake
Michigan basin and their climatic contrasts. Geology, 22, 547–550.
Czymzik, M., Brauer, A., Dulski, P., Plessen, B., Naumann, R., von
Grafenstein, U., et al. (2013). Orbital and solar forcing of shifts in
Mid- to Late Holocene flood intensity from varved sediments of
pre-alpine Lake Ammersee (southern Germany). Quaternary
Science Reviews, 61, 96–110.
Danielopol, D. L., Ito, E., Wansard, G., Kamiya, T., Cronin, T.M., &
Baltanas, A. (2002) Techniques for collection and study of
ostracoda. In J. A. Holmes & A. R. Chivas (Eds.), Ostracoda,
Applications in quaternary research, Geophysical Monograph
Series (Vol. 131, pp. 65–97). American Geophysical Union (AGU).
Danis, P. A., von Grafenstein, U., & Masson-Delmotte, V. (2003) Sensitivity of deep lake temperature to past and future climatic changes:
A modelling study for Lac d’Annecy, France, and Ammersee,
Germany. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 10(D19).
15 Air-Interface: d
18 O Records of Past Meteoric Water Using …
193