OSL,), and the analytical choice to reconstruct the evolution
through time of the ambient dose rate. Nevertheless, it
provides a reliable frame allowing comparisons with speleothem or ice-core chronologies (Lang et al. (2003); Fuchs
et al. (2013); Rousseau et al. (2013)).
14 C is limited by its 50–0 kyr range and by the fact that
reliable supports such as charcoal or wood are rare in loess
sequences. Trials on ubiquitous supports (loess OM bulk
(Hatté et al. (2001b)) and alkane (Häggi (2014)) were not that
conclusive, highly dependent on the status of the loess section studied and on the cleaning method of the outcrop. Even
in the best conditions, they show poor reliability around
(paleo) soil. However, the
14 C dates obtained from the calcitic earthworm granules allow perfect dating of the various
paleosols (embryonic soils, tundra gleys and arctic brown
paleosols) from which they are collected, as was recently
demonstrated in the Nussloch sequence (Fig. 13.8) (Moine
et al. (2017)). This new approach opens the door to precise
and independent chronologies of loess sequences.
References
Antoine, P., et al. (1999). Last interglacial-glacial climatic cycle in
loess-palaeosol successions of north-western France. Boreas, 28,
551–563.
Antoine, P., et al. (2009). Rapid and Cyclic Aeolian Deposition During
the Last Glacial in European Loess: A High-Resolution Records
from Nussloch, Germany. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28, 2 955–
2 973.
Fuchs, M., et al. (2013). The loess sequence of Dolni Vestonice, Czech
Republic: A new OSL based chronology of the Last Climatic Cycle.
Boreas, 42, 664–677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.
00299.x.
Gallet, S., et al. (1996). Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan
Loess-Paleosol sequence, China, and Paleoclimatic Implications.
Chemical Geology, 133, 67–88.
Gerasimenko, N., & Rousseau, D.-D. (2008). Stratigraphy and
Paleoenvironments of the Last Pleniglacial in the Kyiv Loess
Region (Ukraine). Quaternaire, 19(4), 293–307.
Guo, Z. T., et al. (2002). Onset of Asian desertification by 22 Myr ago
inferred from loess deposits in China. Nature, 416, 159–163.
Häggi, C., et al. (2014). On the stratigraphic integrity of leaf-wax
biomarkers in loess paleosols. Biogeosciences, 11, 2455–2463.
Pécsi, M. (1990). Loess Is not just the accumulation of dust.
Quaternary International, 7/8, 1–21.
Hatté, C., et al. (2001a). d
13
C Variation of loess organic matter as a
potential proxy for paleoprecipitation. Quaternary Research, 55,
33–38.
Hatté, C., et al. (2001b). Development of an accurate and reliable
14
C
chronology for loess sequences. Application to the loess sequence
of Nußloch (Rhine valley, Germany). Radiocarbon, 43, 611–618.
Hatté, C., & Guiot, J. (2005). Palaeoprecipitation reconstruction by
inverse modelling using the isotopic signal of loess organic matter:
application to the Nussloch Loess Sequence (Rhine Valley,
Germany). Climate Dynamics, 25, 315–327.
Kukla, G., et al. (1990). Magnetic susceptibility record of Chinese
Loess. Transactions of the Royal Society Edinburgh: Earth
Sciences, 81, 263–288.
Kukla, G. J., & An, Z. S. (1989). Loess stratigraphy in central China.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 72, 203–
225.
Lagroix, F., & Banerjee, S. K. (2002). Paleowind directions from the
magnetic fabric of loess profiles in Central Alsaka. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 195, 99–112.
Lang, A., et al. (2003). High-resolution chronologies for loess:
Comparing AMS
14
C and optical dating results. Quaternary
Science Reviews, 22, 953–959.
Lautridou, J. P. (1985). Le Cycle Périglaciaire Pléistocène en Europe
du Nord-Ouest et plus particulièrement en Normandie (pp. 908).
Centre Géomorphologie Caen: Thèse Etat, Université Caen, Caen.
Liu, T. S., et al. (1985). Loess and the environment (pp. 251). Beijing:
China Ocean Press.
Lu, H. Y., et al. (2007). Phytoliths as quantitative indicators for the
reconstruction of past environmental conditions in China II:
Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction in the loess plateau. Quaternary Science Reviews, 26, 759–772.
Maher, B. A., & Thompson, R. (1995). Paleorainfall reconstructions
from pedogenic magnetic susceptibility variations in the Chinese
Loess and Paleosols. Quaternary Research, 44, 383–391.
Moine, O., et al. (2002). Paleoclimatic reconstruction using mutual
climatic range on terrestrial mollusks. Quaternary Research, 57,
162–172.
Moine, O., et al. (2005). Terrestrial molluscan records of Weichselian
Lower to Middle Pleniglacial climatic changes from the Nussloch
loess series (Rhine Valley, Germany): the impact of local factors.
Boreas, 34, 363–380.
Moine, O., et al. (2017). The impact of Last Glacial climate variability
in west-European loess revealed by radiocarbon dating of fossil
earthworm granules. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 114, 6209–6214.
Oches, E. A., & McCoy, W. (1995). Amino Acid geochronology
applied to the correlation and dating of central European loess
deposits. Quaternary Science Review, 14, 767–782.
Pécsi, M. (1990). Loess is not just the accumulation of dust.
Quaternary International, 7(8), 1–21.
Prud’homme, C., et al. (2015). Earthworm calcite granules: a new
tracker of millennial-timescale environmental changes in Last
Glacial loess deposits. Journal of Quaternary Science, 30, 529–536.
Prud’homme, C., et al. (2016). Palaeotemperature reconstruction during
the Last Glacial from d
18
O of earthworm calcite granules from
Nussloch loess sequence, Germany. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 442, 13–20.
Prud’homme, C., et al. (2018). d
13
C of earthworm calcite granules: a
new proxy for palaeoprecipitation reconstructions during the Last
Glacial in Western Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 179, 158–
166.
Pye, K. (1995). The nature, origin and accumulation of loess.
Quaternary Science Reviews, 14, 653–667.
Pye, K., & Zhou, L. P. (1989). Late Pleistocene and Holocene Aeolian
Dust Deposition in North China and the Northwest Pacific-Ocean.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 73, 11–23.
Rousseau, D.-D. (1987). Paleoclimatology of the Achenheim Series
(Middle and Upper Pleistocene, Alsace, France). A Malacological
Analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 59,
293–314.
Rousseau, D.-D. (1991). Climatic transfer function from quaternary
mollusks in european loess deposits. Quaternary Research, 36, 195–
209.
Rousseau, D.-D., et al. (2001). Late Pleistocene environments of the
central Ukraine. Quaternary Research, 56, 349–356.
Rousseau, D.-D. et al. (2007a). Evidence of cyclic dust deposition in
the US great plains during the last deglaciation from the
high-resolution analysis of the peoria loess in the eustis sequence
166
D.-D. Rousseau and C. Hatté
through time of the ambient dose rate. Nevertheless, it
provides a reliable frame allowing comparisons with speleothem or ice-core chronologies (Lang et al. (2003); Fuchs
et al. (2013); Rousseau et al. (2013)).
14 C is limited by its 50–0 kyr range and by the fact that
reliable supports such as charcoal or wood are rare in loess
sequences. Trials on ubiquitous supports (loess OM bulk
(Hatté et al. (2001b)) and alkane (Häggi (2014)) were not that
conclusive, highly dependent on the status of the loess section studied and on the cleaning method of the outcrop. Even
in the best conditions, they show poor reliability around
(paleo) soil. However, the
14 C dates obtained from the calcitic earthworm granules allow perfect dating of the various
paleosols (embryonic soils, tundra gleys and arctic brown
paleosols) from which they are collected, as was recently
demonstrated in the Nussloch sequence (Fig. 13.8) (Moine
et al. (2017)). This new approach opens the door to precise
and independent chronologies of loess sequences.
References
Antoine, P., et al. (1999). Last interglacial-glacial climatic cycle in
loess-palaeosol successions of north-western France. Boreas, 28,
551–563.
Antoine, P., et al. (2009). Rapid and Cyclic Aeolian Deposition During
the Last Glacial in European Loess: A High-Resolution Records
from Nussloch, Germany. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28, 2 955–
2 973.
Fuchs, M., et al. (2013). The loess sequence of Dolni Vestonice, Czech
Republic: A new OSL based chronology of the Last Climatic Cycle.
Boreas, 42, 664–677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.
00299.x.
Gallet, S., et al. (1996). Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan
Loess-Paleosol sequence, China, and Paleoclimatic Implications.
Chemical Geology, 133, 67–88.
Gerasimenko, N., & Rousseau, D.-D. (2008). Stratigraphy and
Paleoenvironments of the Last Pleniglacial in the Kyiv Loess
Region (Ukraine). Quaternaire, 19(4), 293–307.
Guo, Z. T., et al. (2002). Onset of Asian desertification by 22 Myr ago
inferred from loess deposits in China. Nature, 416, 159–163.
Häggi, C., et al. (2014). On the stratigraphic integrity of leaf-wax
biomarkers in loess paleosols. Biogeosciences, 11, 2455–2463.
Pécsi, M. (1990). Loess Is not just the accumulation of dust.
Quaternary International, 7/8, 1–21.
Hatté, C., et al. (2001a). d
13
C Variation of loess organic matter as a
potential proxy for paleoprecipitation. Quaternary Research, 55,
33–38.
Hatté, C., et al. (2001b). Development of an accurate and reliable
14
C
chronology for loess sequences. Application to the loess sequence
of Nußloch (Rhine valley, Germany). Radiocarbon, 43, 611–618.
Hatté, C., & Guiot, J. (2005). Palaeoprecipitation reconstruction by
inverse modelling using the isotopic signal of loess organic matter:
application to the Nussloch Loess Sequence (Rhine Valley,
Germany). Climate Dynamics, 25, 315–327.
Kukla, G., et al. (1990). Magnetic susceptibility record of Chinese
Loess. Transactions of the Royal Society Edinburgh: Earth
Sciences, 81, 263–288.
Kukla, G. J., & An, Z. S. (1989). Loess stratigraphy in central China.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 72, 203–
225.
Lagroix, F., & Banerjee, S. K. (2002). Paleowind directions from the
magnetic fabric of loess profiles in Central Alsaka. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 195, 99–112.
Lang, A., et al. (2003). High-resolution chronologies for loess:
Comparing AMS
14
C and optical dating results. Quaternary
Science Reviews, 22, 953–959.
Lautridou, J. P. (1985). Le Cycle Périglaciaire Pléistocène en Europe
du Nord-Ouest et plus particulièrement en Normandie (pp. 908).
Centre Géomorphologie Caen: Thèse Etat, Université Caen, Caen.
Liu, T. S., et al. (1985). Loess and the environment (pp. 251). Beijing:
China Ocean Press.
Lu, H. Y., et al. (2007). Phytoliths as quantitative indicators for the
reconstruction of past environmental conditions in China II:
Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction in the loess plateau. Quaternary Science Reviews, 26, 759–772.
Maher, B. A., & Thompson, R. (1995). Paleorainfall reconstructions
from pedogenic magnetic susceptibility variations in the Chinese
Loess and Paleosols. Quaternary Research, 44, 383–391.
Moine, O., et al. (2002). Paleoclimatic reconstruction using mutual
climatic range on terrestrial mollusks. Quaternary Research, 57,
162–172.
Moine, O., et al. (2005). Terrestrial molluscan records of Weichselian
Lower to Middle Pleniglacial climatic changes from the Nussloch
loess series (Rhine Valley, Germany): the impact of local factors.
Boreas, 34, 363–380.
Moine, O., et al. (2017). The impact of Last Glacial climate variability
in west-European loess revealed by radiocarbon dating of fossil
earthworm granules. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 114, 6209–6214.
Oches, E. A., & McCoy, W. (1995). Amino Acid geochronology
applied to the correlation and dating of central European loess
deposits. Quaternary Science Review, 14, 767–782.
Pécsi, M. (1990). Loess is not just the accumulation of dust.
Quaternary International, 7(8), 1–21.
Prud’homme, C., et al. (2015). Earthworm calcite granules: a new
tracker of millennial-timescale environmental changes in Last
Glacial loess deposits. Journal of Quaternary Science, 30, 529–536.
Prud’homme, C., et al. (2016). Palaeotemperature reconstruction during
the Last Glacial from d
18
O of earthworm calcite granules from
Nussloch loess sequence, Germany. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 442, 13–20.
Prud’homme, C., et al. (2018). d
13
C of earthworm calcite granules: a
new proxy for palaeoprecipitation reconstructions during the Last
Glacial in Western Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 179, 158–
166.
Pye, K. (1995). The nature, origin and accumulation of loess.
Quaternary Science Reviews, 14, 653–667.
Pye, K., & Zhou, L. P. (1989). Late Pleistocene and Holocene Aeolian
Dust Deposition in North China and the Northwest Pacific-Ocean.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 73, 11–23.
Rousseau, D.-D. (1987). Paleoclimatology of the Achenheim Series
(Middle and Upper Pleistocene, Alsace, France). A Malacological
Analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 59,
293–314.
Rousseau, D.-D. (1991). Climatic transfer function from quaternary
mollusks in european loess deposits. Quaternary Research, 36, 195–
209.
Rousseau, D.-D., et al. (2001). Late Pleistocene environments of the
central Ukraine. Quaternary Research, 56, 349–356.
Rousseau, D.-D. et al. (2007a). Evidence of cyclic dust deposition in
the US great plains during the last deglaciation from the
high-resolution analysis of the peoria loess in the eustis sequence
166
D.-D. Rousseau and C. Hatté