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© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
V. Kumar et al. (eds.), Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology Vol. 1,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 59,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63241-0_11
Chapter 11
Environmental Impact
and Econanotoxicity of Engineered
Nanomaterials
Debasree Kundu, Mohd Faheem Khan, Manashjit Gogoi, and Sanjukta Patra
Both the authors have contributed equally as first authors.
D. Kundu · M. F. Khan · S. Patra (*)
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati,
Guwahati, Assam, India
e-mail: sanjukta@iitg.ac.in
M. Gogoi
Biomedical Engineering Department, North Eastern Hill University,
Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Contents
11.1 Introduction
289
11.2 Naturally Occurring and Engineered Nanoparticles
290
11.3 Different Classes of Engineered Nanoparticles
291
11.4 Engineered Nanomaterials in Pharmaceuticals: Biological and Environmental
Interactions
294
11.5 Physicochemical Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials and Their Toxicity
295
11.5.1 Effect of Particle Size
295
11.5.2 Effect of Shape and Structure
296
11.5.3 Effect of Surface Charge
296
11.5.4 Effect of Composition and Crystalline Structure
297
11.5.5 Effect of Aggregation and Concentration
297
11.6 Ecological Accumulation of Engineered Nanoparticles
297
11.6.1 Bioavailability
301
11.6.2 Bioconcentration
301
11.6.3 Bioaccumulation
302
11.6.4 Biomagnification
302
11.7 Toxicity and Environmental Impact of Nanoparticles
303
11.8 Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanoparticles
305
11.9 Nanowaste: Guidelines/Regulatory Measures
306
11.10 Concluding Remarks, Challenges, and Perspectives
307
References
308