Index
527
0.2% proof stress, 107
0-D nanomaterials. See zero-dimensional
nanomaterials
1-D nanomaterials. See one-dimensional
nanomaterials
2-D nanomaterials. See two-dimensional
nanomaterials
3-D nanomaterials. See three-dimensional
nanomaterials
A
a (thermal diffusivity), 114–115
α (thermal expansion), 115–116, 117f,
151–152
α (thermal expansion coefficient), 114,
115f, 218
Abalones, 9, 9f, 24–25, 24f
Absorbance, 228–230, 229f
Absorbed light, 337
Absorbers, nanotextile, 458
Absorbing antireflective (AR) materials,
348–349
Absorption
optical behavior, 134
sound, 81f, 141–142, 366–368, 373
Absorption edge, 228–229
Absorptivity, 133
Acid paper, 36, 36f
Acoustic properties
material property charts, 154, 155f
nanomaterial, 232
overview, 141
radiation of sound energy, 143–144
sound management, 141–143
sound velocity and wavelength, 141
sound wave impedance, 143–144
Acoustic waves, 13, 14f
Acoustical environments
applications of nanomaterials, 372,
378–379
damping and isolation, 374–376
fundamental characteristics of,
365–367
manipulating properties, 372–373
musical instruments, 377–378
nanoporous sound insulation
materials, 374
noise control, 367–369
overview, 364–365
sound sources, 376–377
space acoustics, 369–372
Acoustics, concert hall, 78–85
Activated carbon, 493
Active structural systems, 295–296,
306–307
Additive combination of colors, 339
Adhesives, 443–446
Adsorption systems, 493
Aerogel, 319–321, 320f–323f, 374
Aerosols, 460–461
Aerospace industry, 391–392, 519–520
AFM (atomic force microscope), 281–
284, 283f–284f
Agglomeration of nanoparticles, 240–241
Aging, VIP, 321
Air cleaning and purification, 458, 458f,
491–494
Air pollution reduction, 417–418, 418f,
494–495
Allotropic transformations, 97, 97f
Alloys, 19, 87, 201–202, 201f–202f,
263–264
Alpha prototypes, 74
Alternating copolymers, 99f
Alternative energy, 379
Aluminum, coefficient of thermal
expansion, 218
Aluminum alloys, 201–202, 201f–202f
Aluminum-based metal-matrix
composites, 299
Amorphous materials, 199–200, 200f,
207–211, 265–266, 300–301,
302f
Amorphous matrix, 252–253
Amorphous silicon dioxide layers,
216–217
Amplitude, 365–366
Analytical models, 81
Analytical techniques. See specific
techniques by name
Analytical tools, 294–295
Ancillary elements, 517
Angle dependence of colors, 346,
347f
Anions, 97–98
Anisotropy energy, 222–223
Anodes, 385–387
Antibacterial fabric, 451, 451f
Antiferromagnetic coupling, 226
Antiferromagnets, 130–131, 131f
Antifogging, 427
Antimicrobial materials, 407–412,
419–423, 440, 456, 458f
Antipollutant concrete, 416–418
Antireflection, 348–350, 427, 435
Antiscratch coatings, 441f
Anvils, amorphous metal based, 301
Apatite, 27, 28f
AR (absorbing antireflective) materials,
348–349
Arc-discharge technique, 234–235, 234t
Arches, 42–43, 43f
Architecture, 55, 452–453. See also
building design
Armchair nanotube, 233, 236f
Art, nanomaterials in
conservation, 32–38
examples, 29–32
Aspen Aerogel products, 321f–322f
Assemblies, 59, 61–65, 67–70
Associative qualities of materials,
44f–45f, 45–46
Astronomical scale, 12f
Atomic bonding
chemical bonding, 93
covalent bonding, 94
hydrogen atom, 92–93
ideal strength, 109–110, 109f
ionic bonding, 93
metallic bonding, 94–95
overview, 92
Van der Waals bonding, 95
Atomic force microscope (AFM),
281–284, 283f–284f
Atomic scale, 12f
527
0.2% proof stress, 107
0-D nanomaterials. See zero-dimensional
nanomaterials
1-D nanomaterials. See one-dimensional
nanomaterials
2-D nanomaterials. See two-dimensional
nanomaterials
3-D nanomaterials. See three-dimensional
nanomaterials
A
a (thermal diffusivity), 114–115
α (thermal expansion), 115–116, 117f,
151–152
α (thermal expansion coefficient), 114,
115f, 218
Abalones, 9, 9f, 24–25, 24f
Absorbance, 228–230, 229f
Absorbed light, 337
Absorbers, nanotextile, 458
Absorbing antireflective (AR) materials,
348–349
Absorption
optical behavior, 134
sound, 81f, 141–142, 366–368, 373
Absorption edge, 228–229
Absorptivity, 133
Acid paper, 36, 36f
Acoustic properties
material property charts, 154, 155f
nanomaterial, 232
overview, 141
radiation of sound energy, 143–144
sound management, 141–143
sound velocity and wavelength, 141
sound wave impedance, 143–144
Acoustic waves, 13, 14f
Acoustical environments
applications of nanomaterials, 372,
378–379
damping and isolation, 374–376
fundamental characteristics of,
365–367
manipulating properties, 372–373
musical instruments, 377–378
nanoporous sound insulation
materials, 374
noise control, 367–369
overview, 364–365
sound sources, 376–377
space acoustics, 369–372
Acoustics, concert hall, 78–85
Activated carbon, 493
Active structural systems, 295–296,
306–307
Additive combination of colors, 339
Adhesives, 443–446
Adsorption systems, 493
Aerogel, 319–321, 320f–323f, 374
Aerosols, 460–461
Aerospace industry, 391–392, 519–520
AFM (atomic force microscope), 281–
284, 283f–284f
Agglomeration of nanoparticles, 240–241
Aging, VIP, 321
Air cleaning and purification, 458, 458f,
491–494
Air pollution reduction, 417–418, 418f,
494–495
Allotropic transformations, 97, 97f
Alloys, 19, 87, 201–202, 201f–202f,
263–264
Alpha prototypes, 74
Alternating copolymers, 99f
Alternative energy, 379
Aluminum, coefficient of thermal
expansion, 218
Aluminum alloys, 201–202, 201f–202f
Aluminum-based metal-matrix
composites, 299
Amorphous materials, 199–200, 200f,
207–211, 265–266, 300–301,
302f
Amorphous matrix, 252–253
Amorphous silicon dioxide layers,
216–217
Amplitude, 365–366
Analytical models, 81
Analytical techniques. See specific
techniques by name
Analytical tools, 294–295
Ancillary elements, 517
Angle dependence of colors, 346,
347f
Anions, 97–98
Anisotropy energy, 222–223
Anodes, 385–387
Antibacterial fabric, 451, 451f
Antiferromagnetic coupling, 226
Antiferromagnets, 130–131, 131f
Antifogging, 427
Antimicrobial materials, 407–412,
419–423, 440, 456, 458f
Antipollutant concrete, 416–418
Antireflection, 348–350, 427, 435
Antiscratch coatings, 441f
Anvils, amorphous metal based, 301
Apatite, 27, 28f
AR (absorbing antireflective) materials,
348–349
Arc-discharge technique, 234–235, 234t
Arches, 42–43, 43f
Architecture, 55, 452–453. See also
building design
Armchair nanotube, 233, 236f
Art, nanomaterials in
conservation, 32–38
examples, 29–32
Aspen Aerogel products, 321f–322f
Assemblies, 59, 61–65, 67–70
Associative qualities of materials,
44f–45f, 45–46
Astronomical scale, 12f
Atomic bonding
chemical bonding, 93
covalent bonding, 94
hydrogen atom, 92–93
ideal strength, 109–110, 109f
ionic bonding, 93
metallic bonding, 94–95
overview, 92
Van der Waals bonding, 95
Atomic force microscope (AFM),
281–284, 283f–284f
Atomic scale, 12f