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further reading
Synthesis of nanoscale Materials and Structures
A. S. Edelstein and R. C. Cammarata (eds.), Nano materials: Synthesis,
properties, and applications, Institute of Physics, 1996, ISBN 0-85030588.9.
Y. Gogotsc (ed.), Nanomaterials handbook, CRC/Taylor and Francis, 2006,
ISBN 13: 988.0-8493-2308.9.
A. N. Goldstein (ed.), Handbook of nanophase materials, CRC Press, 1998,
ISBN 0824-89469-9.
H. Hasono, Y. Mishma, H. Takezoe, and K. J. D. Mackenzie, Nanomaterials
from research to applications, Ch. 12, pp. 419 et seq., Elsevier, 2006,
ISBN 13 988.0-08.044964-8.
S. Iijama, Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter, Nature, 1993,
Vol. 363, pp. 603–605.
W. L. Johnson, ASM handbook, Vol. 2, ASM International, 2002.
Figure 8.64
Basic information obtained through various
characterization techniques that are well suited for
the nanoscale.
d
50
100
Types of Characterization Techniques
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Size and shape
Microstructure
Composition
Topography
Grain orientation
Xray
Size
Crystal
Strain
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Topography/surface profile
Surface mapping
Mechanical proper ties
d
Near Field and Confocal Light Microscopy
Size
Shape
Topography
3D image reconstruction
(confocal)
Spectroscopy
Chemical composition
Chemical bonding
d
d
d
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Size
Composition
Crystal structure (inferred)
Further Reading