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113
42. T. Hoshihira, T. Tanabe, T. Otsuka, Visualization of hydrogen distribution around blisters by
tritium radio-luminography. J. Nucl. Mater. 386–388 776–779 (2009)
43. T. Hoshihira, T. Otsuka, R. Wakabayashi, T. Tanabe, Hydrogen behavior near surface regions
in Mo and W studied by tritium tracer technique. J. Nucl. Mater. 417, 559–563 (2011)
44. T. Shimada, T. Funabiki, R. Kawakami et al., Carbon behavior on tungsten surface after carbon
and hydrogen mixed beam irradiation. J. Nucl. Mater. 329–333, 747–751 (2004)
45. T. Tokunaga, M.J. Baldwin, R.P. Doerner et al., Blister formation and deuterium retention on
tungsten exposed to low energy and high flux deuterium plasma. J. Nucl. Mater. 337–339,
887–891 (2005)
46. N. Enomoto, S. Muto, T. Tanabe, Grazing-incidence electron microscopy of surface blisters
in single- and polycrystalline tungsten formed by H+, D+ and He+ irradiation. J. Nucl. Mater.
385, 606–614 (2009)
47. S. Muto, T. Matsui, T. Tanabe, Observation of surface blistering by grazing incidence electron
microscopy, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 3555–3556 (2000)
48. T. Shimada, H. Kikuchi, Y. Ueda et al., Blister formation in tungsten by hydrogen and carbon
mixed ion beam irradiation. J. Nucl. Mater. 313–316, 204–208 (2003)
49. R.P. Doerner, M.J. Baldwin, D. Buchenauer, The role of beryllium deuteride in plasmaberyllium interactions. J. Nucl. Mater. 390–391, 681–684 (2009)
50. S. Brezinsek, JET-EFDA contributors, Plasma-surface interaction in the Be/W environment:
conclusions drawn from the JET-ILW for ITER. J. Nucl. Mater. 463, 11–21 (2015)
51. J.P. Allain, C.N. Taylor, Lithium-based surfaces controlling fusion plasma behavior at the
plasma-material interface. Phys. Plasmas 19, 056126 (2012)
52. Y. Nagayama, Liquid lithium divertor system for fusion reactor. Fusion Eng. Des. 84, 1380–
1383 (2009)
53. R.E. Nygren, F.L. Tabarés, Liquid surfaces for fusion plasma facing components—A critical
review. Part I Phys. PSI Nucl. Mater. Energy 9, 6–21 (2016)
54. R.J. Goldston, A. Hakim, G.W.Hammett et al., Recent advances towards a lithium vapor
divertor. Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 1118–1121 (2017)