1% the gasoline fraction yield means earning million dollars per year considered the
global capacity of 38 000 m
3 /d or ca. 12 Mt/y.
Noteworthy, coal tar, a product of coke ovens, is a source of chemicals such as
anthracene, naphthalene, phthalic anhydride, or carbon black, among others.
The on-site gasification of coal has been considered to be a major potential
“on-purpose” source of commodity petrochemicals. Attempts to in situ (coal mine)
gasification of coal into CO have been made in several countries, including Germany,
but such approach has never reached a level of large exploitation (Scheme 2.2).
Ethene (CH2=CH2) → Polyethene (160 Mt/y)
DME (CH3OCH3) (used as substitute of diesel, ca 6 Mty, mainly in China)
Propene (CH3CH=CH2) (100 Mt/y) → Polypropene (70 Mt/y)
2H2 + CO → CH3OH
Methylterbutylether (MTBE, used as additive for gasoline: 10 Mt/y in China in 2018)
Syngas
Formaldehyde
Resins, Fibers, Plastics,
Acetic acid (6 Mt/y)
Pharmaceuticals, others
Acetic anhydride [CH3C(O)-O-(O)CCH3] (solvent, reagent)
Dimethylcarbonate [CH3OC(=O)OCH3, DMC]
Scheme 2.1 Chemicals produced from methanol, their derivatives, and market volumes.
Derivatives can also be obtained by other routes
Scheme 2.2 Representation of the coal chemistry. Reproduced from Ref. [4] (CC BY 4.0)
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2 Fossil-C Application in the Energy and Chemical Industry
global capacity of 38 000 m
3 /d or ca. 12 Mt/y.
Noteworthy, coal tar, a product of coke ovens, is a source of chemicals such as
anthracene, naphthalene, phthalic anhydride, or carbon black, among others.
The on-site gasification of coal has been considered to be a major potential
“on-purpose” source of commodity petrochemicals. Attempts to in situ (coal mine)
gasification of coal into CO have been made in several countries, including Germany,
but such approach has never reached a level of large exploitation (Scheme 2.2).
Ethene (CH2=CH2) → Polyethene (160 Mt/y)
DME (CH3OCH3) (used as substitute of diesel, ca 6 Mty, mainly in China)
Propene (CH3CH=CH2) (100 Mt/y) → Polypropene (70 Mt/y)
2H2 + CO → CH3OH
Methylterbutylether (MTBE, used as additive for gasoline: 10 Mt/y in China in 2018)
Syngas
Formaldehyde
Resins, Fibers, Plastics,
Acetic acid (6 Mt/y)
Pharmaceuticals, others
Acetic anhydride [CH3C(O)-O-(O)CCH3] (solvent, reagent)
Dimethylcarbonate [CH3OC(=O)OCH3, DMC]
Scheme 2.1 Chemicals produced from methanol, their derivatives, and market volumes.
Derivatives can also be obtained by other routes
Scheme 2.2 Representation of the coal chemistry. Reproduced from Ref. [4] (CC BY 4.0)
16
2 Fossil-C Application in the Energy and Chemical Industry