Appendix I
Dictionary of acronyms and technical terms
A
Acceptor
An atom that has empty orbitals of suited energy for the
formation of a covalent chemical bond with a “donor”.
Acid
A species that can transfer protons (Broensted acid) or accept
electrons (Lewis acid).
Acid rain
Rain carrying acid species such as H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 formed by
hydration of acid oxides.
Antennae
Device used to catch solar radiations.
Antisymmetric A stretching in which two bonds (for example, in triatomic linear
molecule ad O=C=O elongate in a opposite mode, one elongates the
other shortens.
Avoided
Non-produced: avoided CO 2 is the amount of CO 2 not produced
in a process. In an innovative CO 2 -based reaction, it represents
not only the amount converted but also the CO 2 not emitted with
respect to processes on stream.
B
Base
A species that can release OH
− (Broensted base) or share a
doublet of electrons with another species (Lewis base) in
the formation of a bond.
BES
Bio-electrosystem, the coupling of microorganisms or
enzymes with electrodes for an enhanced bioprocess
(reduction or oxidation).
Bioeconomy
Exploitation of bioresources (grown or residual biomass).
Biotechnology
A process driven by biosystems, microorganisms or enzymes.
Boudouard reaction A equilibrium reaction in which C and CO 2 are converted
into CO at high temperature.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. Aresta and A. Dibenedetto, The Carbon Dioxide Revolution,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59061-1
249
Dictionary of acronyms and technical terms
A
Acceptor
An atom that has empty orbitals of suited energy for the
formation of a covalent chemical bond with a “donor”.
Acid
A species that can transfer protons (Broensted acid) or accept
electrons (Lewis acid).
Acid rain
Rain carrying acid species such as H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 formed by
hydration of acid oxides.
Antennae
Device used to catch solar radiations.
Antisymmetric A stretching in which two bonds (for example, in triatomic linear
molecule ad O=C=O elongate in a opposite mode, one elongates the
other shortens.
Avoided
Non-produced: avoided CO 2 is the amount of CO 2 not produced
in a process. In an innovative CO 2 -based reaction, it represents
not only the amount converted but also the CO 2 not emitted with
respect to processes on stream.
B
Base
A species that can release OH
− (Broensted base) or share a
doublet of electrons with another species (Lewis base) in
the formation of a bond.
BES
Bio-electrosystem, the coupling of microorganisms or
enzymes with electrodes for an enhanced bioprocess
(reduction or oxidation).
Bioeconomy
Exploitation of bioresources (grown or residual biomass).
Biotechnology
A process driven by biosystems, microorganisms or enzymes.
Boudouard reaction A equilibrium reaction in which C and CO 2 are converted
into CO at high temperature.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. Aresta and A. Dibenedetto, The Carbon Dioxide Revolution,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59061-1
249