41. Tamura J, Ono A, Sugano Y, Huang C, Nishizawa H, Mikoshiba S (2015) Electrochemical
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42. http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/ethylene-glycols-industry
43. Marxer D, Furler P, Tacacs M, Steinfeld A (2017) Solar thermochemical splitting of CO 2 into
separate streams of CO and O 2 with high selectivity, stability, conversion, and efficiency.
Energy Environ Sci 10(5):1142–1149
44. Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Quaranta E (2016) State of the art and perspectives in catalytic
processes for CO 2 conversion into chemicals and fuels: the distinctive contribution of
chemical catalysis and biotechnology. J Catal 343:2–45
45. (a) Bork AH, Kubicek M, Struzik M, Rupp JLM (2015) Perovskite La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Cr 1−x Co x O 3−d
solid solutions for solar-thermochemical fuel production: strategies to lower the operation
temperature. J Mater Chem 3(30):15546–15557; (b) Rao CNR, Dey S (2015) Generation of
H 2 and CO by solar thermochemical splitting of H 2 O and CO 2 by employing metal oxides.
J Solid State Chem 242(2):107–115
46. Mostrou S, Buchel R, Pratsinis SE, van Bokhoven JA (2017) Improving the ceria-mediated
water and carbon dioxide splitting through the addition of chromium. Appl Catal A: General
537:40–49
47. (a)
https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-synthesis-gas-Syngasmarket-industry; (b) https://www.reportlinker.com/syngas-reports; (c) https://www.
marketwatch.com/press-release
48. (a) https://www.statista.com; (b) Sabatier P, Senderens JB (1902) New synthesis of methane.
J Chem Soc 82:333
49. (a) Jürgensen L, Ehimen EA, Born J, Holm-Nielsen JB (2015) Dynamic biogas upgrading
based on the Sabatier process: thermodynamic and dynamic process simulation. Bioresource
Technol 178:323–329; (b) Stangeland K, Kalai D, Li H, Yu Z (2017) CO 2 methanation: the
effect of catalysts and reaction conditions. Energy Procedia 105:2022–2027; (c) Brooks KP,
Hu J, Zhu H, Kee RJ (2007) Methanation of carbon dioxide by hydrogen reduction using the
sabatier process in microchannel reactors. Chem Eng Sci 62:1161–1170; (d) Kirchner J,
Katharina J, Henry A, Kureti LS (2018) Methanation of CO 2 on iron based catalysts. Appl
Catal B Env 223:47–59; (e) Visconti CG (2010) Reactor for exothermic or endothermic
catalytic reaction WO2010/130399; (f) Visconti CG (2014) Multi-structured reactor made of
monolithic adjacent thermoconductive bodies for chemical processes with a high heat
exchange WO2014/102350
50. Mattia D, Jones MD, O’Byrne JP, Griffiths OG, Owen RE, Sackville E, McManus M,
Plucinski P (2015) Towards carbon-neutral CO2 conversion to hydrocarbons. Chemsuschem
8(23):4064–4072
51. Gao P, Li S, Bu X, Sun Y (2017) Direct conversion of CO 2 into liquid fuels with high
selectivity over a bifunctional catalyst. Nat Chem 9(10):1019–1024
52. (a) Satthawong R, Koizumi N, Song C, Prasassarakich P (2013) Bimetallic Fe–Co catalysts
for CO 2 hydrogenation to higher hydrocarbons. J CO 2 Util 3–4:102–106; (b) Visconti CG,
Martinelli M, Falbo L, Infantes-Molina A, Lietti L, Forzatti P, Iaquaniello G, Palo E,
Picutti B, Brignoli F (2017) CO 2 hydrogenation to lower olefins on a high surface area
K-promoted bulk Fe-catalyst. Appl Catal B 200:530–542
53. Emam EA (2015) Gas flaring in industry: an overview. Pet Coal 57(5):532–555
54. Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Quaranta E (2016) Reaction mechanisms in carbon dioxide
conversion, chapter 5. Springer
55. (a) Pitter S, Dinjus E (2011) Phosphinialkyl nitriles as hemilabile ligands: new aspects in the
homogeneous catalytic coupling of CO 2 and 1,3-butadiene. J Mol Catal A Chem 125:39–45;
(b) Behr A, Henze H (2011) Use of carbon dioxide in chemical syntheses via a lactone
intermediate. Green Chem 13:25–39
174
References
reduction of CO 2 to ethylene glycol on imidazolium ion-terminated self-assembly
monolayer-modified Au electrodes in an aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17
(39):26072–26078
42. http://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/ethylene-glycols-industry
43. Marxer D, Furler P, Tacacs M, Steinfeld A (2017) Solar thermochemical splitting of CO 2 into
separate streams of CO and O 2 with high selectivity, stability, conversion, and efficiency.
Energy Environ Sci 10(5):1142–1149
44. Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Quaranta E (2016) State of the art and perspectives in catalytic
processes for CO 2 conversion into chemicals and fuels: the distinctive contribution of
chemical catalysis and biotechnology. J Catal 343:2–45
45. (a) Bork AH, Kubicek M, Struzik M, Rupp JLM (2015) Perovskite La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Cr 1−x Co x O 3−d
solid solutions for solar-thermochemical fuel production: strategies to lower the operation
temperature. J Mater Chem 3(30):15546–15557; (b) Rao CNR, Dey S (2015) Generation of
H 2 and CO by solar thermochemical splitting of H 2 O and CO 2 by employing metal oxides.
J Solid State Chem 242(2):107–115
46. Mostrou S, Buchel R, Pratsinis SE, van Bokhoven JA (2017) Improving the ceria-mediated
water and carbon dioxide splitting through the addition of chromium. Appl Catal A: General
537:40–49
47. (a)
https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/global-synthesis-gas-Syngasmarket-industry; (b) https://www.reportlinker.com/syngas-reports; (c) https://www.
marketwatch.com/press-release
48. (a) https://www.statista.com; (b) Sabatier P, Senderens JB (1902) New synthesis of methane.
J Chem Soc 82:333
49. (a) Jürgensen L, Ehimen EA, Born J, Holm-Nielsen JB (2015) Dynamic biogas upgrading
based on the Sabatier process: thermodynamic and dynamic process simulation. Bioresource
Technol 178:323–329; (b) Stangeland K, Kalai D, Li H, Yu Z (2017) CO 2 methanation: the
effect of catalysts and reaction conditions. Energy Procedia 105:2022–2027; (c) Brooks KP,
Hu J, Zhu H, Kee RJ (2007) Methanation of carbon dioxide by hydrogen reduction using the
sabatier process in microchannel reactors. Chem Eng Sci 62:1161–1170; (d) Kirchner J,
Katharina J, Henry A, Kureti LS (2018) Methanation of CO 2 on iron based catalysts. Appl
Catal B Env 223:47–59; (e) Visconti CG (2010) Reactor for exothermic or endothermic
catalytic reaction WO2010/130399; (f) Visconti CG (2014) Multi-structured reactor made of
monolithic adjacent thermoconductive bodies for chemical processes with a high heat
exchange WO2014/102350
50. Mattia D, Jones MD, O’Byrne JP, Griffiths OG, Owen RE, Sackville E, McManus M,
Plucinski P (2015) Towards carbon-neutral CO2 conversion to hydrocarbons. Chemsuschem
8(23):4064–4072
51. Gao P, Li S, Bu X, Sun Y (2017) Direct conversion of CO 2 into liquid fuels with high
selectivity over a bifunctional catalyst. Nat Chem 9(10):1019–1024
52. (a) Satthawong R, Koizumi N, Song C, Prasassarakich P (2013) Bimetallic Fe–Co catalysts
for CO 2 hydrogenation to higher hydrocarbons. J CO 2 Util 3–4:102–106; (b) Visconti CG,
Martinelli M, Falbo L, Infantes-Molina A, Lietti L, Forzatti P, Iaquaniello G, Palo E,
Picutti B, Brignoli F (2017) CO 2 hydrogenation to lower olefins on a high surface area
K-promoted bulk Fe-catalyst. Appl Catal B 200:530–542
53. Emam EA (2015) Gas flaring in industry: an overview. Pet Coal 57(5):532–555
54. Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Quaranta E (2016) Reaction mechanisms in carbon dioxide
conversion, chapter 5. Springer
55. (a) Pitter S, Dinjus E (2011) Phosphinialkyl nitriles as hemilabile ligands: new aspects in the
homogeneous catalytic coupling of CO 2 and 1,3-butadiene. J Mol Catal A Chem 125:39–45;
(b) Behr A, Henze H (2011) Use of carbon dioxide in chemical syntheses via a lactone
intermediate. Green Chem 13:25–39
174
References