8.3.12 Other Uses
CO 2 finds several other minor (lower amount) applications such as nuclear plants
cooling, gas-operated fire arms (a Colt built in the 1890s was operated by injecting
pressurized CO 2 to pull the bullet), serving pressure beer in bars, medical use in
laser surgery, smoke effects in theatres and disco’s, home-made sparkling water.
8.4 Some Economic Figures
Determining the exact value of the merchant market of CO 2 is quite difficult
because most data are confidential. Major players in the sector are AGA, Air
Liquide, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., AIR WATER INC, Airgas, Buzwair
Industrial Gases Factories, Continental Carbonic Products, Cosmo Engineering,
EPC Engineering & Technologies GmbH. The global market in 2019 was estimated
at 12.55 BUS$ 2019 driven by EOR that will play a key role even during next 5–
10 years. It is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4%
and reach US$16.76 billion by 2023 [18]. The food-grade CO 2 market will also
experience fast growth and will play a dominant position in global food-grade gases
market of 5.9 BUS$ in 2018, estimated to rise to 8.1 BUS$ in 2023 with a CAGR of
6.7%.
The sector of carbonated beverages can afford quite real figures, at least for
Europe. SODASTREAM [19] commercializes apparatuses for making home-made
sparkling water: its portfolio is of 300 Million €/year, mostly in Europe and
especially in Germany and Northern Europe where over 2.2 million users consume
over 11 million small cylinder each year. The SodaStream company has recently
been acquired by PepsiCo for 3.2 BUS$.
Some trends of the market deserve comments. The German CO 2 industry started
in 1885 with just 122 t of CO 2 ; in 1899 it was 15 000 t and in 1918 the CO 2
merchant market exceeded 33 000 t. In 2019, the market was around 1 Mt of CO 2
consumed in Germany.
In 2012, the total consumption of CO 2 in Europe including the eastern part
(Poland, etc.) reached about 4.0 Mt/y. It is currently estimated to be above 6 Mt/y.
Excluding enhanced oil recovery and on-site uses of gaseous CO 2 , the US
merchant market is estimated to exceed 10 Mt/y (representing a value of 1.5 BUS$)
and the global market could well reach 30 Mt/y.
The merchant market players (industrial gases companies as well as international
suppliers of CO 2 production and recovery equipment) underwent consolidation in
the recent years. Air Liquide has acquired Airgas, and Linde and Praxair merged to
a 70 BUS$, Air Products has acquired ACP, leaving only a single company that
operates alone in EU, CARBO Kohlensäure in Germany.
8.3 Uses of CO 2 and Its Quality
137
CO 2 finds several other minor (lower amount) applications such as nuclear plants
cooling, gas-operated fire arms (a Colt built in the 1890s was operated by injecting
pressurized CO 2 to pull the bullet), serving pressure beer in bars, medical use in
laser surgery, smoke effects in theatres and disco’s, home-made sparkling water.
8.4 Some Economic Figures
Determining the exact value of the merchant market of CO 2 is quite difficult
because most data are confidential. Major players in the sector are AGA, Air
Liquide, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., AIR WATER INC, Airgas, Buzwair
Industrial Gases Factories, Continental Carbonic Products, Cosmo Engineering,
EPC Engineering & Technologies GmbH. The global market in 2019 was estimated
at 12.55 BUS$ 2019 driven by EOR that will play a key role even during next 5–
10 years. It is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4%
and reach US$16.76 billion by 2023 [18]. The food-grade CO 2 market will also
experience fast growth and will play a dominant position in global food-grade gases
market of 5.9 BUS$ in 2018, estimated to rise to 8.1 BUS$ in 2023 with a CAGR of
6.7%.
The sector of carbonated beverages can afford quite real figures, at least for
Europe. SODASTREAM [19] commercializes apparatuses for making home-made
sparkling water: its portfolio is of 300 Million €/year, mostly in Europe and
especially in Germany and Northern Europe where over 2.2 million users consume
over 11 million small cylinder each year. The SodaStream company has recently
been acquired by PepsiCo for 3.2 BUS$.
Some trends of the market deserve comments. The German CO 2 industry started
in 1885 with just 122 t of CO 2 ; in 1899 it was 15 000 t and in 1918 the CO 2
merchant market exceeded 33 000 t. In 2019, the market was around 1 Mt of CO 2
consumed in Germany.
In 2012, the total consumption of CO 2 in Europe including the eastern part
(Poland, etc.) reached about 4.0 Mt/y. It is currently estimated to be above 6 Mt/y.
Excluding enhanced oil recovery and on-site uses of gaseous CO 2 , the US
merchant market is estimated to exceed 10 Mt/y (representing a value of 1.5 BUS$)
and the global market could well reach 30 Mt/y.
The merchant market players (industrial gases companies as well as international
suppliers of CO 2 production and recovery equipment) underwent consolidation in
the recent years. Air Liquide has acquired Airgas, and Linde and Praxair merged to
a 70 BUS$, Air Products has acquired ACP, leaving only a single company that
operates alone in EU, CARBO Kohlensäure in Germany.
8.3 Uses of CO 2 and Its Quality
137