Chapter 40
Feasibility Study for Electric Vehicle
Utilization as Grid Supporting
in Indonesian Power System
Muhammad Huda, Koji Tokimatsu, Arif Darmawan, and Muhammad Aziz
Abstract The improvement of electric vehicles (EVs) selling growth in the last
decades also shows the global attention to the climate change. The governments
have issued policies and regulation in order to increase the adoption of EVs, such as
tax reduction, enlarge charging infrastructure area and facilitate the EV industry to
research and development. However, the high penetration of EVs potentially causes
stress to the power grid. It can happen in case that the supply cannot cover the
unpredictable demand from EVs charging. It is very important to improve the grid
capability for balancing its grid conditions due to increasing fluctuating supply and
load, such as wind and solar energy. In addition, massive charging of EVs potentially
worsen this condition due to significant fluctuation and large gap in the load profile
between peak and off-peak periods. The participating opportunities in grid ancillary
services have encouraged the idea to use the battery of EVs as a highly responsive
power storage in the power system. The techno-economy of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in
Indonesia, especially in Java-Bali grid, is studied in this paper with several the feedin-tariff schemes. The results show that the peak supply can reduce up to 2.81% (coal
replacement) and 8.94% (gas replacement) from driving patterns model. However,
V2G potentially increases the generation cost during peak period to 26.5% per month
to power company.
Keywords Vehicle-to-grid · Peak load shaving · Electric vehicles · Driving
pattern · Indonesia power system
M. Huda (B) · K. Tokimatsu · A. Darmawan
Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
e-mail: hudz.muhammad@gmil.com
M. Aziz
Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
Y. Kishita et al. (eds.), EcoDesign and Sustainability II, Sustainable Production, Life
Cycle Engineering and Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6775-9_40
605
Feasibility Study for Electric Vehicle
Utilization as Grid Supporting
in Indonesian Power System
Muhammad Huda, Koji Tokimatsu, Arif Darmawan, and Muhammad Aziz
Abstract The improvement of electric vehicles (EVs) selling growth in the last
decades also shows the global attention to the climate change. The governments
have issued policies and regulation in order to increase the adoption of EVs, such as
tax reduction, enlarge charging infrastructure area and facilitate the EV industry to
research and development. However, the high penetration of EVs potentially causes
stress to the power grid. It can happen in case that the supply cannot cover the
unpredictable demand from EVs charging. It is very important to improve the grid
capability for balancing its grid conditions due to increasing fluctuating supply and
load, such as wind and solar energy. In addition, massive charging of EVs potentially
worsen this condition due to significant fluctuation and large gap in the load profile
between peak and off-peak periods. The participating opportunities in grid ancillary
services have encouraged the idea to use the battery of EVs as a highly responsive
power storage in the power system. The techno-economy of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in
Indonesia, especially in Java-Bali grid, is studied in this paper with several the feedin-tariff schemes. The results show that the peak supply can reduce up to 2.81% (coal
replacement) and 8.94% (gas replacement) from driving patterns model. However,
V2G potentially increases the generation cost during peak period to 26.5% per month
to power company.
Keywords Vehicle-to-grid · Peak load shaving · Electric vehicles · Driving
pattern · Indonesia power system
M. Huda (B) · K. Tokimatsu · A. Darmawan
Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
e-mail: hudz.muhammad@gmil.com
M. Aziz
Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
Y. Kishita et al. (eds.), EcoDesign and Sustainability II, Sustainable Production, Life
Cycle Engineering and Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6775-9_40
605