Chapter 38
The Import Structure of LNG
from Russia to Japan by Cognitive Map
and Text Analysis
Kengo Takeda, Norovsambuu Purevsuren, Koji Tokimatsu, Masako Ikegami,
and Mikael Hook
Abstract Japanese energy policy was shifted to natural gas use due to drastic situation domestic and international energy situation, such as the Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear accident. Accordingly, this study analyzes the structure of natural gas development project and trading between Japan and Russia, as Russia is increasingly
becoming an important major supplier of natural gas, which is reflected in the bilateral trade. This study will analyze the two LNG projects as a representative case of
the multinational development project of natural gas from the perspective of energy
security, economy, technology, and politics. The method of this analysis is “cognitive
map” and “text analysis” to quantify the qualitative data collected from four major
Japanese newspapers during the period of 1991-2017. One of the findings of this
study is that, the Russian government has strengthened exporting LNG to East Asia
as a state project since the first Putin administration especially after the US Shale
revolution and the Ukrainian crisis, while the Japanese side is driven by major private
corporations such as the construction of infrastructure which is little affected from
international politics.
Keywords Energy policy · LNG import · Russia · Japan · LNG projects
38.1 Introduction
In Japan’s energy policy, the importance of natural gas is considered important and
expected to remain unchanged. In Japan, the introduction of renewable energy will
be halted due to difficulties in securing safety and resuming operation of nuclear
power plants after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, changes in
power transmission networks and fixed price purchasing systems, and so on. On the
K. Takeda (B) · N. Purevsuren · K. Tokimatsu · M. Ikegami
School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
e-mail: hal8594.tokyotech@gmail.com
M. Hook
Department of Earth Science Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
Y. Kishita et al. (eds.), EcoDesign and Sustainability II, Sustainable Production, Life
Cycle Engineering and Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6775-9_38
575
The Import Structure of LNG
from Russia to Japan by Cognitive Map
and Text Analysis
Kengo Takeda, Norovsambuu Purevsuren, Koji Tokimatsu, Masako Ikegami,
and Mikael Hook
Abstract Japanese energy policy was shifted to natural gas use due to drastic situation domestic and international energy situation, such as the Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear accident. Accordingly, this study analyzes the structure of natural gas development project and trading between Japan and Russia, as Russia is increasingly
becoming an important major supplier of natural gas, which is reflected in the bilateral trade. This study will analyze the two LNG projects as a representative case of
the multinational development project of natural gas from the perspective of energy
security, economy, technology, and politics. The method of this analysis is “cognitive
map” and “text analysis” to quantify the qualitative data collected from four major
Japanese newspapers during the period of 1991-2017. One of the findings of this
study is that, the Russian government has strengthened exporting LNG to East Asia
as a state project since the first Putin administration especially after the US Shale
revolution and the Ukrainian crisis, while the Japanese side is driven by major private
corporations such as the construction of infrastructure which is little affected from
international politics.
Keywords Energy policy · LNG import · Russia · Japan · LNG projects
38.1 Introduction
In Japan’s energy policy, the importance of natural gas is considered important and
expected to remain unchanged. In Japan, the introduction of renewable energy will
be halted due to difficulties in securing safety and resuming operation of nuclear
power plants after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, changes in
power transmission networks and fixed price purchasing systems, and so on. On the
K. Takeda (B) · N. Purevsuren · K. Tokimatsu · M. Ikegami
School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
e-mail: hal8594.tokyotech@gmail.com
M. Hook
Department of Earth Science Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
Y. Kishita et al. (eds.), EcoDesign and Sustainability II, Sustainable Production, Life
Cycle Engineering and Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6775-9_38
575