400
J. Druschke et al.
calculated from complex data on the traffic volume, the day of the week, the time of
day and other information relevant for forecasting. Sensors embedded in the asphalt
randomly determine whether the occupation status of the parking lots above and thus
sharpen the probability forecast.
With a comprehensive usage of the “Park&Joy” system, a significant reduction of
the environmental impact of individual traffic in inner cities is feasible. On behalf of
Deutsche Telkom, Fraunhofer IZM has developed a methodical approach to evaluate
this potential.
26.2 System Architecture of “Park&Joy”
The navigation application “Park&Joy”, which is available for Apple and Android
devices, consists of two architectural elements on the hardware perspective. For
the detection of vehicles, sensors embedded directly in the road asphalt are used.
These sensors connected to various server systems provide the communication and
predication functions. As a basis for the ecological cost-benefit analyses, a detailed
examination of these two main architectural elements is necessary.
26.2.1 Sensor Composition
Fraunhofer IZM dismantled one of those sensors and thus recording the dimensions,
weights and materials used for the sensor components. This disassembly carried an
assessment of the sensor’s longevity, reparability and recyclability in addition to the
life cycle analysis.
Each step of the dismantling process is recorded in a protocol including the used
tools, the type of connection, the time required and any damage that may have
occurred during dismantling, for valuation and further possible assessments. The
external dimensions of the sensor are 75 mm x 72 mm with a total weight of 291 g.
This total weight distributed among the concrete components as shown in Table 26.1.
A particular challenge during dismantling is the almost exclusive use of adhesives
for fixing the individual components. The reason of this robust construction is the
operating location of the sensors. Directly inserted into the road with the aid of a core
borehole and sealed with polyurethane, they remain in the street section until the end
of their lifetime. Therefore, the sensors have to withstand various weather conditions
and the weight of diverse vehicles, which makes an IP68-certification inevitable.
The “Park&Joy” sensor primarily detects parking vehicles with an integrated
infrared sensor. In case of a malfunction or disruption an additional magnetic field
sensor will take over this task. These two detection elements and one antenna placed
on the upwards pointed secondary board are connected with the primary board.
However, a lithium thionyl chloride battery at 13,000 mAh (3,6 V) powers the primary
board, which is containing the SIM card slot and the NB-IoT module (LTE band 8 at
J. Druschke et al.
calculated from complex data on the traffic volume, the day of the week, the time of
day and other information relevant for forecasting. Sensors embedded in the asphalt
randomly determine whether the occupation status of the parking lots above and thus
sharpen the probability forecast.
With a comprehensive usage of the “Park&Joy” system, a significant reduction of
the environmental impact of individual traffic in inner cities is feasible. On behalf of
Deutsche Telkom, Fraunhofer IZM has developed a methodical approach to evaluate
this potential.
26.2 System Architecture of “Park&Joy”
The navigation application “Park&Joy”, which is available for Apple and Android
devices, consists of two architectural elements on the hardware perspective. For
the detection of vehicles, sensors embedded directly in the road asphalt are used.
These sensors connected to various server systems provide the communication and
predication functions. As a basis for the ecological cost-benefit analyses, a detailed
examination of these two main architectural elements is necessary.
26.2.1 Sensor Composition
Fraunhofer IZM dismantled one of those sensors and thus recording the dimensions,
weights and materials used for the sensor components. This disassembly carried an
assessment of the sensor’s longevity, reparability and recyclability in addition to the
life cycle analysis.
Each step of the dismantling process is recorded in a protocol including the used
tools, the type of connection, the time required and any damage that may have
occurred during dismantling, for valuation and further possible assessments. The
external dimensions of the sensor are 75 mm x 72 mm with a total weight of 291 g.
This total weight distributed among the concrete components as shown in Table 26.1.
A particular challenge during dismantling is the almost exclusive use of adhesives
for fixing the individual components. The reason of this robust construction is the
operating location of the sensors. Directly inserted into the road with the aid of a core
borehole and sealed with polyurethane, they remain in the street section until the end
of their lifetime. Therefore, the sensors have to withstand various weather conditions
and the weight of diverse vehicles, which makes an IP68-certification inevitable.
The “Park&Joy” sensor primarily detects parking vehicles with an integrated
infrared sensor. In case of a malfunction or disruption an additional magnetic field
sensor will take over this task. These two detection elements and one antenna placed
on the upwards pointed secondary board are connected with the primary board.
However, a lithium thionyl chloride battery at 13,000 mAh (3,6 V) powers the primary
board, which is containing the SIM card slot and the NB-IoT module (LTE band 8 at