338
T. Riedelsheimer et al.
(5) Application for/use case
The use case category describes the possible options of application, mainly decision
support or information provision along the lifecycle of products systems. During BoL
the product design, production planning or production decisions can be supported. In
the Mid of Life (MoL) support for optimized operation, maintenance or information
transparency for the end customer can be provided. Another use case is the support
of legislation or compliance with regulation and thresholds as well as the decision
support during EoL.
(6) Grade of Dynamics
The grade of dynamics of the solution refer to how changes in the assessed systems are
depicted. Relevant are changes over time, individual systems in retrospective as well
as future dynamics, such as changing behavior with changing environment and its
prediction. Therefore, prediction algorithms are necessary to allow the representation
of future dynamics. The collection of real-time primary data would allow a fully
dynamic assessment.
(7) Object of LC(S)A: type and (8) Hierarchy level
These categories allow the specification of the object of assessment, such as type
of product, system or processes. Further, the assessment can consider systems of
different hierarchy levels, such as individual systems or fleet of systems, such as
a fleet of vehicles for carsharing.
(9) PLC-scope of LC(S)A
Here, the scope of the LC(S)A, namely the assessed phases of the product lifecycle
(PLC) is defined. An assessment can cover all processes starting from the cradle
(raw material sourcing) or the production facilities (gate). The scope can include
only the production phase (to gate), the use phase until the disposal phase (grave) or
additionally the recirculation (cradle to cradle) (Barni et al. 2018).
21.4.3 Mapping and Gap Analysis
The gap analysis is conducted to understand the focus of current research and to
identify research gaps with regard to the challenges of LC(S)A (see chap. 2). A special
focus is put on the assessment of consumer goods and their complete lifecycle. For the
gap analysis, the two main categories are plotted on the two axes: type of technology
and the phases of the LC(S)A with its main activities (see Fig. 21.3). As a next
step, all relevant research findings from the 110 papers of the literature review are
located within the taxonomy. Blockchain is not considered in the analysis, because
the only relevant paper is also part of the CPS and AI sub cluster. As some solutions
focus on several phases of the LCSA-process, papers can be listed more than once.
In total, 29 phase-specific and 3 generic challenges are defined in chap. 2. For each
T. Riedelsheimer et al.
(5) Application for/use case
The use case category describes the possible options of application, mainly decision
support or information provision along the lifecycle of products systems. During BoL
the product design, production planning or production decisions can be supported. In
the Mid of Life (MoL) support for optimized operation, maintenance or information
transparency for the end customer can be provided. Another use case is the support
of legislation or compliance with regulation and thresholds as well as the decision
support during EoL.
(6) Grade of Dynamics
The grade of dynamics of the solution refer to how changes in the assessed systems are
depicted. Relevant are changes over time, individual systems in retrospective as well
as future dynamics, such as changing behavior with changing environment and its
prediction. Therefore, prediction algorithms are necessary to allow the representation
of future dynamics. The collection of real-time primary data would allow a fully
dynamic assessment.
(7) Object of LC(S)A: type and (8) Hierarchy level
These categories allow the specification of the object of assessment, such as type
of product, system or processes. Further, the assessment can consider systems of
different hierarchy levels, such as individual systems or fleet of systems, such as
a fleet of vehicles for carsharing.
(9) PLC-scope of LC(S)A
Here, the scope of the LC(S)A, namely the assessed phases of the product lifecycle
(PLC) is defined. An assessment can cover all processes starting from the cradle
(raw material sourcing) or the production facilities (gate). The scope can include
only the production phase (to gate), the use phase until the disposal phase (grave) or
additionally the recirculation (cradle to cradle) (Barni et al. 2018).
21.4.3 Mapping and Gap Analysis
The gap analysis is conducted to understand the focus of current research and to
identify research gaps with regard to the challenges of LC(S)A (see chap. 2). A special
focus is put on the assessment of consumer goods and their complete lifecycle. For the
gap analysis, the two main categories are plotted on the two axes: type of technology
and the phases of the LC(S)A with its main activities (see Fig. 21.3). As a next
step, all relevant research findings from the 110 papers of the literature review are
located within the taxonomy. Blockchain is not considered in the analysis, because
the only relevant paper is also part of the CPS and AI sub cluster. As some solutions
focus on several phases of the LCSA-process, papers can be listed more than once.
In total, 29 phase-specific and 3 generic challenges are defined in chap. 2. For each