16 Towards Intercity Cooperation: Comparison of Spatial Transport …
251
constructing the coordination with respect to the spatial transport energy intensity.
The improvement of intracity transport system in these peripheral cities is highly
required.
Meanwhile, the limitations of this approach need to be noted. The energy
consumption for infrastructure development is not considered in the analysis.
Although the comparison of in-city transport energy intensity between central and
peripheral cities is a starting point for discussing the coordination, due to the issue
of data availability the modal split of inter-city travel was not considered in this
study. The data collection of modal split for the inter-city travel and the application
of aggregation approach based on its data to obtain the transport energy intensity
of a given corridor would potentially provide the comprehensive insight to the city
coordination. In addition, the focus on the spatial transport energy intensity would
be considered a macro-level approach, whereas some studies addresses the interaction of transport system between intracity and intercity in a micro-level approach
(Ahlfeldt 2011).
In order to improve the transport energy intensity, various implications are highlighted in this study. For the transport energy intensity of transportation means,
the control of vehicle ownership by taxation, the establishment of ridesharing legal
system and briefing of ridesharing from the perspective of occupancy rate and the
promotion of domestic reuse from the perspective would be useful. For the spatial
transport energy intensity in cities, the evaluation of relation between central and
peripheral cities from the perspective of gaps of both spatial transport energy intensity
and city scale by using the hierarchical cluster analysis would identify the specific
intercity categorization where limitations on constructing the city coordination in
future.
References
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (2016) “Energy White Paper,” available at http://www.
enecho.meti.go.jp/about/whitepaper/2016pdf/whitepaper2016pdf_2_1.pdf (accessed 11.1.2018)
Ahlfeldt GM (2011) The train has left the station: do markets value intracity access to intercity rail
connections? Ger Econ Rev 12(33):312–335
Behrends S (2012) The Urban context of intermodal road-rail transport—threat or opportunity for
modal shift? Procedia Soc Behav Sci 39:463–475
Chandra S, Bari ME, Devarasetty PC, Vadali S (2013) Accessibility evaluations of feeder transit
services. Transp Res 52(C):47–63
Chung W, Zhou G, Yeung IMH (2013) A study of energy efficiency of transport sector in China
from 2003 to 2009. Appl Energy 112:1066–1077
Cullen JM, Allwood JM, Borgstein EH (2011) Reducing energy demand: what are the practical
limits? Environ Sci Technol 45:1711–1718
Facanha C, Horvath A (2007) Evaluation of life-cycle air emission factors for freight transportation.
Environ Sci Technol 41(20):7138–7144
Fiori C, Ahn K, Rakha HA (2016) Power-based electric vehicle energy consumption model: Model
development and validation. Appl Energy 168:257–268
251
constructing the coordination with respect to the spatial transport energy intensity.
The improvement of intracity transport system in these peripheral cities is highly
required.
Meanwhile, the limitations of this approach need to be noted. The energy
consumption for infrastructure development is not considered in the analysis.
Although the comparison of in-city transport energy intensity between central and
peripheral cities is a starting point for discussing the coordination, due to the issue
of data availability the modal split of inter-city travel was not considered in this
study. The data collection of modal split for the inter-city travel and the application
of aggregation approach based on its data to obtain the transport energy intensity
of a given corridor would potentially provide the comprehensive insight to the city
coordination. In addition, the focus on the spatial transport energy intensity would
be considered a macro-level approach, whereas some studies addresses the interaction of transport system between intracity and intercity in a micro-level approach
(Ahlfeldt 2011).
In order to improve the transport energy intensity, various implications are highlighted in this study. For the transport energy intensity of transportation means,
the control of vehicle ownership by taxation, the establishment of ridesharing legal
system and briefing of ridesharing from the perspective of occupancy rate and the
promotion of domestic reuse from the perspective would be useful. For the spatial
transport energy intensity in cities, the evaluation of relation between central and
peripheral cities from the perspective of gaps of both spatial transport energy intensity
and city scale by using the hierarchical cluster analysis would identify the specific
intercity categorization where limitations on constructing the city coordination in
future.
References
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (2016) “Energy White Paper,” available at http://www.
enecho.meti.go.jp/about/whitepaper/2016pdf/whitepaper2016pdf_2_1.pdf (accessed 11.1.2018)
Ahlfeldt GM (2011) The train has left the station: do markets value intracity access to intercity rail
connections? Ger Econ Rev 12(33):312–335
Behrends S (2012) The Urban context of intermodal road-rail transport—threat or opportunity for
modal shift? Procedia Soc Behav Sci 39:463–475
Chandra S, Bari ME, Devarasetty PC, Vadali S (2013) Accessibility evaluations of feeder transit
services. Transp Res 52(C):47–63
Chung W, Zhou G, Yeung IMH (2013) A study of energy efficiency of transport sector in China
from 2003 to 2009. Appl Energy 112:1066–1077
Cullen JM, Allwood JM, Borgstein EH (2011) Reducing energy demand: what are the practical
limits? Environ Sci Technol 45:1711–1718
Facanha C, Horvath A (2007) Evaluation of life-cycle air emission factors for freight transportation.
Environ Sci Technol 41(20):7138–7144
Fiori C, Ahn K, Rakha HA (2016) Power-based electric vehicle energy consumption model: Model
development and validation. Appl Energy 168:257–268