200
M. Kohno and M. Hirao
prohibitions have various exceptions and these wastes can be discarded in a landfill
after appropriate treatment.
In contrast, in the EU, hazardous waste is defined as “waste which displays one
or more of the hazardous properties listed in Annex III” in Directive 2008/98/EC
(2008). More practically, to determine whether the substances contained in the waste
are classified as hazardous, it is recommended to refer to the CLP Regulation
*14
(European Commission 2018). In the CLP Regulation, there is a list of ‘harmonised
classifications’ consisting of over 4000 classified substances.
Besides, the Landfill Directive stipulates waste criteria for acceptance of waste for
landfill. For instance, there are leaching limit values for waste acceptable at a landfill
for inert waste, non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste. The criteria identify 17
components and each limit value depends on the landfill class. The limit values for
“the hazardous waste landfill” means that the waste containing some component
exceeding its limit value is prohibited from disposal at any type of landfill. Despite
the list of thousands of substances for hazardous waste in Annex III of Directive
2008/98/EC, not all of them are prevented from being dumped in a landfill, and
there is a list of only 17 components that may not be accepted for the three types of
landfill. These components, except for total dissolved solids (TDS), are shown in
Table 13.3 (A).
13.5 Proposal
As described above, a landfill is the final disposal facility in the countries/region
mentioned above, and they have lists of substances for prohibition or classification
for landfill. These lists can be used for information transfer systems including not
only the supply chain but also the final disposal stage, as discussed below.
In Table 13.3(B), we show the industry standards applicable to inorganic
substances in chemSHERPA. By comparing Table 13.3(B) with Table 13.3(A), we
can derive information to revise the list for a specific country, as shown in Table
13.3(C). For example, the third row is for Japan. As for Japan, all inorganic metals,
semi-metals and their compounds regulated for landfill are covered by IEC 62474 or
GADSL. We need only identify them under both standards, marking as substances for
landfill regulation, and no additional list is required. On the other hand, the second
row is for the US, and red check marks indicate substances to be added. In other
words, Ag, Ba, Cu and their compounds must be added to the list.
Furthermore, IEC 62474 has a dataset named “Reference substances” with a
“substance group”, for instance, “Ag and its compounds”. We could easily modify
this dataset by adding missing substance groups, and make a new list, “for landfill”.
Because IEC 62474 is for the E&E industry, we can make another list for other
industries of the 13 elements in Table 13.3(B) or 17 elements in Table 13.3(A) and
make it possible for waste handlers to screen the waste for these elements quickly
and easily.
M. Kohno and M. Hirao
prohibitions have various exceptions and these wastes can be discarded in a landfill
after appropriate treatment.
In contrast, in the EU, hazardous waste is defined as “waste which displays one
or more of the hazardous properties listed in Annex III” in Directive 2008/98/EC
(2008). More practically, to determine whether the substances contained in the waste
are classified as hazardous, it is recommended to refer to the CLP Regulation
*14
(European Commission 2018). In the CLP Regulation, there is a list of ‘harmonised
classifications’ consisting of over 4000 classified substances.
Besides, the Landfill Directive stipulates waste criteria for acceptance of waste for
landfill. For instance, there are leaching limit values for waste acceptable at a landfill
for inert waste, non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste. The criteria identify 17
components and each limit value depends on the landfill class. The limit values for
“the hazardous waste landfill” means that the waste containing some component
exceeding its limit value is prohibited from disposal at any type of landfill. Despite
the list of thousands of substances for hazardous waste in Annex III of Directive
2008/98/EC, not all of them are prevented from being dumped in a landfill, and
there is a list of only 17 components that may not be accepted for the three types of
landfill. These components, except for total dissolved solids (TDS), are shown in
Table 13.3 (A).
13.5 Proposal
As described above, a landfill is the final disposal facility in the countries/region
mentioned above, and they have lists of substances for prohibition or classification
for landfill. These lists can be used for information transfer systems including not
only the supply chain but also the final disposal stage, as discussed below.
In Table 13.3(B), we show the industry standards applicable to inorganic
substances in chemSHERPA. By comparing Table 13.3(B) with Table 13.3(A), we
can derive information to revise the list for a specific country, as shown in Table
13.3(C). For example, the third row is for Japan. As for Japan, all inorganic metals,
semi-metals and their compounds regulated for landfill are covered by IEC 62474 or
GADSL. We need only identify them under both standards, marking as substances for
landfill regulation, and no additional list is required. On the other hand, the second
row is for the US, and red check marks indicate substances to be added. In other
words, Ag, Ba, Cu and their compounds must be added to the list.
Furthermore, IEC 62474 has a dataset named “Reference substances” with a
“substance group”, for instance, “Ag and its compounds”. We could easily modify
this dataset by adding missing substance groups, and make a new list, “for landfill”.
Because IEC 62474 is for the E&E industry, we can make another list for other
industries of the 13 elements in Table 13.3(B) or 17 elements in Table 13.3(A) and
make it possible for waste handlers to screen the waste for these elements quickly
and easily.