12 Ecological Smart and Sustainable Waste Management: A Conceptual …
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In Indonesia, the involvement of society (i.e. scavengers and waste bank community) in national waste management is clearly stated in President Regulation no 97—
2017 and Environment Ministry Regulation no 10—2018. Even though scavenger
is categorized as an informal sector in the waste management system, the existence
of scavengers reaches 5 million in Indonesia, which is expected to reduce 30% of
national waste at source (Greeners 2018). In addition, the existence of waste bank in
Indonesia which is about 5244 units was expected to reduce 1.7% of national waste
and it was valued as 1.48 billion IDR in 2017 (Greeners 2018). The empowerment
of these communities could become social investment not only to reduce waste, but
also to develop human productivity, cooperation, and efficiency.
Some valuable lessons from the local phenomenon and old tradition are as follows.
Waste is a valuable resource—Waste through reusing, recovering and recycling
processes are good resource and valuable materials (Cairns et al. 2018; Joseph
et al. 2016). The old tradition discovered that waste including organic materials
is very valuable, so the waste was recycled for farming and agriculture materials.
Under this consideration, current waste management should consider waste recycling
and resource efficiency to transform waste into resource toward sustainable waste
management.
Waste community is a powerful tool—The local tradition shows that waste community
such as scavengers is crucial in developing countries waste management (Dhewanto
et al. 2018; Aprilia et al. 2011). The existence of scavengers or waste pickers who
like to collect non-organic waste (i.e. electronic, papers, plastics, metals, glass) has
created a competitive economy that helps to reduce the waste and clean the environment. However, many of us often look scavenger as dirty part of environment
system. The number of scavengers is uncounted as they come and go unregistered,
and unrecognized and often rejected in the system. However, if the cities want to
optimize the waste recycling process, the government should work together with the
informal sectors and community.
Waste bank is a green entrepreneur—Waste bank as a community-based enterprise in
developing countries has developed a waste collection culture that reduced waste and
used the waste as economic sources to meet their family need (Dhewanto et al. 2018).
The waste bank provides “waste-money conversion system” in which customer (i.e.
community) can make a deposit with their waste and earned a monetary value from
their waste. This phenomenon demonstrated the power of community to provide a
green entrepreneurial motivation and a cleanliness lesson in the society. Supports
from the government through policy, subsidies, and assistance to the enterprise are
urgently required.
The following four case studies were used to explore local phenomenon and
tradition to validate the conceptual framework.
BantarGebang—BantarGebang is Jakarta waste final disposal center. Bantargebang
receives about 7400 ton/day of mixed waste. The waste characteristic mainly consists
of organic waste (i.e. vegetables, fruits) came from the markets and household. The
organic waste contributes 55% of total waste. Waste treatments in this disposal center
181
In Indonesia, the involvement of society (i.e. scavengers and waste bank community) in national waste management is clearly stated in President Regulation no 97—
2017 and Environment Ministry Regulation no 10—2018. Even though scavenger
is categorized as an informal sector in the waste management system, the existence
of scavengers reaches 5 million in Indonesia, which is expected to reduce 30% of
national waste at source (Greeners 2018). In addition, the existence of waste bank in
Indonesia which is about 5244 units was expected to reduce 1.7% of national waste
and it was valued as 1.48 billion IDR in 2017 (Greeners 2018). The empowerment
of these communities could become social investment not only to reduce waste, but
also to develop human productivity, cooperation, and efficiency.
Some valuable lessons from the local phenomenon and old tradition are as follows.
Waste is a valuable resource—Waste through reusing, recovering and recycling
processes are good resource and valuable materials (Cairns et al. 2018; Joseph
et al. 2016). The old tradition discovered that waste including organic materials
is very valuable, so the waste was recycled for farming and agriculture materials.
Under this consideration, current waste management should consider waste recycling
and resource efficiency to transform waste into resource toward sustainable waste
management.
Waste community is a powerful tool—The local tradition shows that waste community
such as scavengers is crucial in developing countries waste management (Dhewanto
et al. 2018; Aprilia et al. 2011). The existence of scavengers or waste pickers who
like to collect non-organic waste (i.e. electronic, papers, plastics, metals, glass) has
created a competitive economy that helps to reduce the waste and clean the environment. However, many of us often look scavenger as dirty part of environment
system. The number of scavengers is uncounted as they come and go unregistered,
and unrecognized and often rejected in the system. However, if the cities want to
optimize the waste recycling process, the government should work together with the
informal sectors and community.
Waste bank is a green entrepreneur—Waste bank as a community-based enterprise in
developing countries has developed a waste collection culture that reduced waste and
used the waste as economic sources to meet their family need (Dhewanto et al. 2018).
The waste bank provides “waste-money conversion system” in which customer (i.e.
community) can make a deposit with their waste and earned a monetary value from
their waste. This phenomenon demonstrated the power of community to provide a
green entrepreneurial motivation and a cleanliness lesson in the society. Supports
from the government through policy, subsidies, and assistance to the enterprise are
urgently required.
The following four case studies were used to explore local phenomenon and
tradition to validate the conceptual framework.
BantarGebang—BantarGebang is Jakarta waste final disposal center. Bantargebang
receives about 7400 ton/day of mixed waste. The waste characteristic mainly consists
of organic waste (i.e. vegetables, fruits) came from the markets and household. The
organic waste contributes 55% of total waste. Waste treatments in this disposal center