8 Analysis of the Personal Cars Sustainability in Relation …
119
of climate change and local air pollution issues (Wallington et al. 2008). These gases
are the indicators for environment (Jeon and Amekudzi 2013; Chester and Horvath
2009). The chemistry leading to emissions of HC, CO, and NOx from modern vehicles has been reviewed recently (Wallington et al. 2006). In this research, data of
these three gases are collected. Iran Standard and Quality Inspection Company (ISQI)
(2019) analyzed these gases for 42 out of 45 sampled vehicles. For the rest of the
vehicles, Toyota yaris, Toyota camery and Peugeot 508, there were no data in their
company official websites or even emissions test reports. These vehicles have European emission standards 5, 6 so for comparison with others, the least value for each
gas, between 42 samples were selected.
8.3.1.2 Technology
Technology development causes using high strength materials while reduction of
car weight also optimizing of consumption of non-renewable energy sources. Light
weight magnesium and aluminum alloys are finding increased use in automotive
applications. The lifecycle CO 2 benefit associates with vehicle weight reduction by
material substitution depends on the material (aluminum, magnesium, fiber composites, etc.) (Wallington et al. 2008). The effectiveness of using technology to reduce
vehicles pollution and to increase safety and comfort is undeniable, Hybrid vehicles
with combination of an electric motor and an internal combustion is one of good
examples.
8.3.1.3 Energy
Energy is the major issue for vehicles and directly connected to environment and
economy. One of the main concerns of vehicle companies and consumers is vehicle
actual consumption. No reduction in energy consumption deprives energy from future
generations in long term. In this research information about fuel was taken from the
National Iranian Oil Company official website (NIOC) (2019).
8.3.1.4 Economy
It Includes the cost for community, buying, operating, insurance, registration, taxes
and maintenance and also the monthly expense for the vehicle parking (Jeon and
Amekudzi 2013; Meyer 2016). In this research, the information about car price,
insurance and maintenance are collected respectively from an Iranian famous car
web site, Bama (2019), Azki (2019) and Digikala (2019).
119
of climate change and local air pollution issues (Wallington et al. 2008). These gases
are the indicators for environment (Jeon and Amekudzi 2013; Chester and Horvath
2009). The chemistry leading to emissions of HC, CO, and NOx from modern vehicles has been reviewed recently (Wallington et al. 2006). In this research, data of
these three gases are collected. Iran Standard and Quality Inspection Company (ISQI)
(2019) analyzed these gases for 42 out of 45 sampled vehicles. For the rest of the
vehicles, Toyota yaris, Toyota camery and Peugeot 508, there were no data in their
company official websites or even emissions test reports. These vehicles have European emission standards 5, 6 so for comparison with others, the least value for each
gas, between 42 samples were selected.
8.3.1.2 Technology
Technology development causes using high strength materials while reduction of
car weight also optimizing of consumption of non-renewable energy sources. Light
weight magnesium and aluminum alloys are finding increased use in automotive
applications. The lifecycle CO 2 benefit associates with vehicle weight reduction by
material substitution depends on the material (aluminum, magnesium, fiber composites, etc.) (Wallington et al. 2008). The effectiveness of using technology to reduce
vehicles pollution and to increase safety and comfort is undeniable, Hybrid vehicles
with combination of an electric motor and an internal combustion is one of good
examples.
8.3.1.3 Energy
Energy is the major issue for vehicles and directly connected to environment and
economy. One of the main concerns of vehicle companies and consumers is vehicle
actual consumption. No reduction in energy consumption deprives energy from future
generations in long term. In this research information about fuel was taken from the
National Iranian Oil Company official website (NIOC) (2019).
8.3.1.4 Economy
It Includes the cost for community, buying, operating, insurance, registration, taxes
and maintenance and also the monthly expense for the vehicle parking (Jeon and
Amekudzi 2013; Meyer 2016). In this research, the information about car price,
insurance and maintenance are collected respectively from an Iranian famous car
web site, Bama (2019), Azki (2019) and Digikala (2019).