E1BINDEX 09/09/2010
18:13:50 Page 585
Index
A
Acceleration measurement, 504, 510, 515,
517
Accelerometer, 82, 83, 96, 98, 99, 103,
515, 516
piezoelectric, 82, 515, 516
vibrometer, 513
Accuracy, 17–18, 443
Acoustic wave speed, 407
Advanced-stage uncertainty, 176–182
Nth-order analysis, 178–182
Aliasing, 260, 265, 266, 268, 284
Alloys, properties of, 315, 333, 336
Ammeter, 211, 212, 219, 324
Amontons, Guillaume, 309
Amplifier, 230–234, 236–237, 240, 247,
248, 253, 272, 284, 285, 288, 297,
408, 409, 490, 491, 546
bias, 235
charge, 236–237, 392
differential, 231–233, 235
feedback, 409
inverting, 233
linear scaling, 231
logarithmic, 231
noninverting, 233
operational, 231–234, 236, 237, 240,
247, 248, 272
Amplitude ambiguity,266–268, 303
Analog-to-digital, 43, 217, 235, 260, 271,
273, 279, 348, 491, 517
conversion, 217, 235, 271, 273–274,
279
conversion error, 274–277, 279
converter, 217, 235, 271, 273–274, 279
dual slope, 280
quantization error, 274–275
ramp, 279–281
saturation error, 275
signal-to-noise, 275, 412
successive approximation, 277–279,
287, 288
Angular velocity, 452, 522–524
mechanical measurement, 522
stroboscopic measurement, 522–524
Aperiodic, 44, 268
Apparent strain, 482–492
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. See ASME
ASME, 30, 162, 375, 428, 432, 435, 436,
532
Average value, 46, 118
analog signal, 46, 47
digital signal, 47
discrete time signal, 47
error, 18
moving, 72, 284
B
Balance
null, 217, 218, 226, 282
Band-pass filter. See Filters, band-pass
Barometer, 379–380
Bernoulli, Daniel, 424, 432
Bernoulli effect, 427
Bessel filter. See Filter, Bessel
Best estimate, 173–174, 187, 188, 328
Beta ratio, 429, 437
Bias, 222, 231, 232, 235, 274, 347
Bias error, 170
Bimetallic thermometer. See
Thermometer, bimetallic
Binary coded decimal, 270
Binary codes, 270, 271
Binary numbers, 44, 269–271, 273, 277
BIOS. See Basic input/Output system
Birefringence, 493
Bit, 239, 269, 271–283
Block, 10, 12
diagrams, 546–547
jumper, 285
Boltzmann’s constant, 352, 360
Borda, Jean, 429
Brewster, Sir David, 493
Bridge circuits, 219–221, 229, 319–323,
476, 477, 480–482, 490
balanced, 221
Callendar–Griffiths, 319, 320
deflection, 222–226
four-wire, 319, 320
loading error, 225
Mueller, 319, 320
null, 221–222
three-wire, 319
uncertainty, 221
Wheatstone, 219, 221–224, 226, 229,
319, 320, 325, 408, 455, 476, 477,
485, 491, 530
Bridge constant, 479. See also Bridge
circuits, Wheatstone
Buffer, 294
Bus, 284, 288–289, 295–297
Butterworth filter. See Filter, Butterworth
Byte, 269
C
Calibration, 5, 11, 15–23
curve, 15–17, 20–22, 84, 144, 459
deviation, 17
dynamic, 16, 392–393
error, 168–169, 177, 180
random, 21
sequential, 20
static, 15, 22, 392
temperature. See Temperature,
calibration
Capillary tube viscometer, 445
Castelli, Benedetto, 424
Catch and weigh flow measurement, 459
Celsius, Anders, 310
Celsius scale, 311
Central tendency, 120–122, 125, 126
Charge amplifier, 236–237
Chauvenet’s criterion. See Outlier
Chi-square distribution, 135–139
Coaxial cable, 252
Common mode voltage (CMV), 251, 290,
292
Compact disk player, 44
Complex periodic waveform, 44, 266, 405
Compliance, 401–405
Concomitant methods, 14, 19, 171
Conduction errors, 357–360
Confidence interval, 118, 119, 133, 142,
144–149, 184, 198
Conservation of mass, 396, 427, 428
Continuous variable, 42
Control of variables, 7
Control surface, 427, 428, 446, 455
Control volume, 427, 428
Coriolis, 455
flow meter, 456–459
turndown, 459
uncertainty, 459
Coriolis, Gaspard de, 456
Correlation, 15
coefficient, 144, 197, 438, 439
function, 412
photon, for LDA, 412
Coupled systems, 109–111
Critical pressure ratio, 440
Critically damped system, 96
Current:
alternating, ac, 61, 212–214
ammeter, 211, 212
analog measurement, 210
direct, dc, 48–49, 210–212
Current loop: 4-20 mA, 237
D
D/A converter. See Digital-to-analog
converter
585
18:13:50 Page 585
Index
A
Acceleration measurement, 504, 510, 515,
517
Accelerometer, 82, 83, 96, 98, 99, 103,
515, 516
piezoelectric, 82, 515, 516
vibrometer, 513
Accuracy, 17–18, 443
Acoustic wave speed, 407
Advanced-stage uncertainty, 176–182
Nth-order analysis, 178–182
Aliasing, 260, 265, 266, 268, 284
Alloys, properties of, 315, 333, 336
Ammeter, 211, 212, 219, 324
Amontons, Guillaume, 309
Amplifier, 230–234, 236–237, 240, 247,
248, 253, 272, 284, 285, 288, 297,
408, 409, 490, 491, 546
bias, 235
charge, 236–237, 392
differential, 231–233, 235
feedback, 409
inverting, 233
linear scaling, 231
logarithmic, 231
noninverting, 233
operational, 231–234, 236, 237, 240,
247, 248, 272
Amplitude ambiguity,266–268, 303
Analog-to-digital, 43, 217, 235, 260, 271,
273, 279, 348, 491, 517
conversion, 217, 235, 271, 273–274,
279
conversion error, 274–277, 279
converter, 217, 235, 271, 273–274, 279
dual slope, 280
quantization error, 274–275
ramp, 279–281
saturation error, 275
signal-to-noise, 275, 412
successive approximation, 277–279,
287, 288
Angular velocity, 452, 522–524
mechanical measurement, 522
stroboscopic measurement, 522–524
Aperiodic, 44, 268
Apparent strain, 482–492
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. See ASME
ASME, 30, 162, 375, 428, 432, 435, 436,
532
Average value, 46, 118
analog signal, 46, 47
digital signal, 47
discrete time signal, 47
error, 18
moving, 72, 284
B
Balance
null, 217, 218, 226, 282
Band-pass filter. See Filters, band-pass
Barometer, 379–380
Bernoulli, Daniel, 424, 432
Bernoulli effect, 427
Bessel filter. See Filter, Bessel
Best estimate, 173–174, 187, 188, 328
Beta ratio, 429, 437
Bias, 222, 231, 232, 235, 274, 347
Bias error, 170
Bimetallic thermometer. See
Thermometer, bimetallic
Binary coded decimal, 270
Binary codes, 270, 271
Binary numbers, 44, 269–271, 273, 277
BIOS. See Basic input/Output system
Birefringence, 493
Bit, 239, 269, 271–283
Block, 10, 12
diagrams, 546–547
jumper, 285
Boltzmann’s constant, 352, 360
Borda, Jean, 429
Brewster, Sir David, 493
Bridge circuits, 219–221, 229, 319–323,
476, 477, 480–482, 490
balanced, 221
Callendar–Griffiths, 319, 320
deflection, 222–226
four-wire, 319, 320
loading error, 225
Mueller, 319, 320
null, 221–222
three-wire, 319
uncertainty, 221
Wheatstone, 219, 221–224, 226, 229,
319, 320, 325, 408, 455, 476, 477,
485, 491, 530
Bridge constant, 479. See also Bridge
circuits, Wheatstone
Buffer, 294
Bus, 284, 288–289, 295–297
Butterworth filter. See Filter, Butterworth
Byte, 269
C
Calibration, 5, 11, 15–23
curve, 15–17, 20–22, 84, 144, 459
deviation, 17
dynamic, 16, 392–393
error, 168–169, 177, 180
random, 21
sequential, 20
static, 15, 22, 392
temperature. See Temperature,
calibration
Capillary tube viscometer, 445
Castelli, Benedetto, 424
Catch and weigh flow measurement, 459
Celsius, Anders, 310
Celsius scale, 311
Central tendency, 120–122, 125, 126
Charge amplifier, 236–237
Chauvenet’s criterion. See Outlier
Chi-square distribution, 135–139
Coaxial cable, 252
Common mode voltage (CMV), 251, 290,
292
Compact disk player, 44
Complex periodic waveform, 44, 266, 405
Compliance, 401–405
Concomitant methods, 14, 19, 171
Conduction errors, 357–360
Confidence interval, 118, 119, 133, 142,
144–149, 184, 198
Conservation of mass, 396, 427, 428
Continuous variable, 42
Control of variables, 7
Control surface, 427, 428, 446, 455
Control volume, 427, 428
Coriolis, 455
flow meter, 456–459
turndown, 459
uncertainty, 459
Coriolis, Gaspard de, 456
Correlation, 15
coefficient, 144, 197, 438, 439
function, 412
photon, for LDA, 412
Coupled systems, 109–111
Critical pressure ratio, 440
Critically damped system, 96
Current:
alternating, ac, 61, 212–214
ammeter, 211, 212
analog measurement, 210
direct, dc, 48–49, 210–212
Current loop: 4-20 mA, 237
D
D/A converter. See Digital-to-analog
converter
585