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4. Temperature Measurement, Supplement to American Society of Mechanical Engineers PTC
19.3, 1974.
5. Benedict, R. P., Fundamentals of Temperature, Pressure, and Flow Measurements, 3rd ed.,
Wiley, New York, 1984.
6. McGee, T. D., Principles and Methods of Temperature Measurement, Wiley-Interscience, New
York, 1988.
7. Diehl, W., Thin-film PRTD, Measurements and Control, 155–159, December 1982.
8. Thermistor Definitions and Test Methods, Electronic Industries Association Standard RS-275A (ANSI Standard C83. 68–1972), June 1971.
9. Thermometrics, Inc., Vol. 1. NTC Thermistors, 1993.
10. Burns, G. W., Scroger, M. G., and G. F. Strouse, Temperature-Electromotive Force Reference
Functions and Tables for the Letter-Designated Thermocouple Types Based on the ITS-90,
NIST Monograph 175, April 1993 (supersedes NBS Monograph 125).
11. Dewitt, D. P. and G. D. Nutter, Theory and Practice of Radiation Thermometry, WileyInterscience, New York, 1988.
12. Dils, R. R., High-temperature optical fiber thermometer, Journal of Applied Physics, 54(3):
1198–1201, 1983.
13. Optical fiber thermometer, Measurements and Control, April 1987.
14. Sparrow, E. M., Error estimates in temperature measurement. In: E. R. G. Eckert and R. J.
Goldstein (Eds.), Measurements in Heat Transfer, 2nd ed., Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 1976.
15. Moffat, R. J., Gas temperature measurements. In: Temperature—Its Measurement and Control
in Science and Industry, Vol. 3, Part 2, Reinhold, New York, 1962.
NOMENCLATURE
a
speed of sound (lt
À1 )
b x
systematic standard uncertainty in x
c
speed of light in a vacuum (lt
À1 )
c p
specific heat (l
2
t
À2 /
)
d
thickness; diameter (l )
e c
conduction temperature error (
)
e U
recovery temperature error (
)
e r
radiation temperature error (
)
emf electromotive force
h
convective heat transfer coefficient
(mt
À3 /
); enthalpy (l
2
t
À2
)
k
thermal conductivity (mlt
À3 /
)
k
ratio of specific heats
l
length (l )
m
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi
hP=kA
p
(eq. 8.23) (l
À2 )
q
heat flux (mt
3 )
r
recovery factor
r c
radius of curvature (l )
s x
random standard uncertainty in x
u
uncertainty
u d
design-stage uncertainty
A c
cross-sectional area (l
2 )
A s
surface area (l
2 )
B
systematic uncertainty
C a coefficient of thermal expansion (ll
À1 /
)
D
diameter (l )
E b
blackbody emissive power (mt
À3 )
E bl spectral emissive power (mt
À3 )
E i
input voltage (V)
E 1
voltage drop across R 1 (V)
E o
output voltage (V)
F
radiation view factor
I
current (A)
L
length of temperature probe (l )
P
standard random uncertainty;
perimeter (l )
Q
heat transfer (ml
2
t
À3 )
R
resistance (V); gas constant (l
2
t
À2 /
)
R 0
reference resistance (V)
R T thermistor resistance (V)
366 Chapter 8 Temperature Measurements
14:54:2 Page 366
4. Temperature Measurement, Supplement to American Society of Mechanical Engineers PTC
19.3, 1974.
5. Benedict, R. P., Fundamentals of Temperature, Pressure, and Flow Measurements, 3rd ed.,
Wiley, New York, 1984.
6. McGee, T. D., Principles and Methods of Temperature Measurement, Wiley-Interscience, New
York, 1988.
7. Diehl, W., Thin-film PRTD, Measurements and Control, 155–159, December 1982.
8. Thermistor Definitions and Test Methods, Electronic Industries Association Standard RS-275A (ANSI Standard C83. 68–1972), June 1971.
9. Thermometrics, Inc., Vol. 1. NTC Thermistors, 1993.
10. Burns, G. W., Scroger, M. G., and G. F. Strouse, Temperature-Electromotive Force Reference
Functions and Tables for the Letter-Designated Thermocouple Types Based on the ITS-90,
NIST Monograph 175, April 1993 (supersedes NBS Monograph 125).
11. Dewitt, D. P. and G. D. Nutter, Theory and Practice of Radiation Thermometry, WileyInterscience, New York, 1988.
12. Dils, R. R., High-temperature optical fiber thermometer, Journal of Applied Physics, 54(3):
1198–1201, 1983.
13. Optical fiber thermometer, Measurements and Control, April 1987.
14. Sparrow, E. M., Error estimates in temperature measurement. In: E. R. G. Eckert and R. J.
Goldstein (Eds.), Measurements in Heat Transfer, 2nd ed., Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 1976.
15. Moffat, R. J., Gas temperature measurements. In: Temperature—Its Measurement and Control
in Science and Industry, Vol. 3, Part 2, Reinhold, New York, 1962.
NOMENCLATURE
a
speed of sound (lt
À1 )
b x
systematic standard uncertainty in x
c
speed of light in a vacuum (lt
À1 )
c p
specific heat (l
2
t
À2 /
)
d
thickness; diameter (l )
e c
conduction temperature error (
)
e U
recovery temperature error (
)
e r
radiation temperature error (
)
emf electromotive force
h
convective heat transfer coefficient
(mt
À3 /
); enthalpy (l
2
t
À2
)
k
thermal conductivity (mlt
À3 /
)
k
ratio of specific heats
l
length (l )
m
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi
hP=kA
p
(eq. 8.23) (l
À2 )
q
heat flux (mt
3 )
r
recovery factor
r c
radius of curvature (l )
s x
random standard uncertainty in x
u
uncertainty
u d
design-stage uncertainty
A c
cross-sectional area (l
2 )
A s
surface area (l
2 )
B
systematic uncertainty
C a coefficient of thermal expansion (ll
À1 /
)
D
diameter (l )
E b
blackbody emissive power (mt
À3 )
E bl spectral emissive power (mt
À3 )
E i
input voltage (V)
E 1
voltage drop across R 1 (V)
E o
output voltage (V)
F
radiation view factor
I
current (A)
L
length of temperature probe (l )
P
standard random uncertainty;
perimeter (l )
Q
heat transfer (ml
2
t
À3 )
R
resistance (V); gas constant (l
2
t
À2 /
)
R 0
reference resistance (V)
R T thermistor resistance (V)
366 Chapter 8 Temperature Measurements