Index
681
Ideal polyatomic gas
RR-SHO approximation, 311–322
vibrational degrees of freedom, 311
Isothermal-isobaric ensemble, 160–163,
199–203, 219
Isotopologue
35 Cl 2 , 500
hydrogen, 277, 293, 295
mixed oxygen, 300, 329
14 N 15 N heteronuclear, 324
rotational Raman spectra, 329
vibration–rotation Raman spectrum, 324
J
Jacobians, 626–628
L
Lagrangian formulation
constants of the motion, 674–675
equations, 671–674
generalized forces, 669–671
ignorable coordinates, 674–675
Legendre transforms, 620–623
Linear molecules term symbols, 640–642
M
Macroscopic
dielectric system, 413
dimension, 566
equilibrium energy distributions, 322
physical system, 1
statistical ensemble, 16
thermodynamics (see Thermodynamics)
Macrostate
degeneracies, 133
and microstate, 131
probabilities, 132
transitions, 134
Magnetic fields
dielectric constant of a polar gas, 419–426
electric dipole moment, 411, 412
ferromagnetism
correlation between spins, 472–475
one-dimensional Ising chain, 467–472
setting, 463–466
two-dimensional Ising model, 475–477
orbital motion, 412
paramagnetism (see Paramagnetism)
polarizable media, 413–419
spin systems, paramagnetism, 434–463
thermodynamics, 413–419
Magnetic susceptibility
and adiabatic demagnetization, 428–433
ground level atoms/ions, 449–454
Magnetism
adiabatic demagnetization, 428–433
magnetic
dipolar media, 427–428
susceptibility, 428–433
magnetizable systems, 433–434
thermodynamics, 427–428, 433–434
Magnetization
bulk sample, 452
Curie expression, 454
ferromagnetism, 473
Helmholtz energy, 471
macroscopic magnetic moment, 433
magnetic
moment, 451
susceptibility, 442
N -spin chain, 471
per-particle temperature dependence, 445
phenomenological equation of state, 431
reversible, 431
Methane, 120, 319, 321
Microscopics
basic postulate, 131–139
classical ideal gas equation of state, 4–9
configurations, 129–139
quantum
mechanical origins, 412
state, 129, 130
Microstate
BE/FD, 516
composite system, 138
lowest-lying, 136
microcanonical ensemble, 166
occupation numbers, 135
quantum, 2
and relative probabilities, 132
translational, 149
See also Macrostates
Molecular systems
Boltzmann probabilities, 259–260
diatomic (see Diatomic molecules)
Helmholtz and Gibbs energies, 258
hindered rotational motions
internal rotation in ethane, 343–346
setting, 342–343
ideal polyatomic gas, 311–322
internal states, 259
N -particle translational and internal
partition functions, 258
nuclear spin effects, 322–336
number of particles, 513
681
Ideal polyatomic gas
RR-SHO approximation, 311–322
vibrational degrees of freedom, 311
Isothermal-isobaric ensemble, 160–163,
199–203, 219
Isotopologue
35 Cl 2 , 500
hydrogen, 277, 293, 295
mixed oxygen, 300, 329
14 N 15 N heteronuclear, 324
rotational Raman spectra, 329
vibration–rotation Raman spectrum, 324
J
Jacobians, 626–628
L
Lagrangian formulation
constants of the motion, 674–675
equations, 671–674
generalized forces, 669–671
ignorable coordinates, 674–675
Legendre transforms, 620–623
Linear molecules term symbols, 640–642
M
Macroscopic
dielectric system, 413
dimension, 566
equilibrium energy distributions, 322
physical system, 1
statistical ensemble, 16
thermodynamics (see Thermodynamics)
Macrostate
degeneracies, 133
and microstate, 131
probabilities, 132
transitions, 134
Magnetic fields
dielectric constant of a polar gas, 419–426
electric dipole moment, 411, 412
ferromagnetism
correlation between spins, 472–475
one-dimensional Ising chain, 467–472
setting, 463–466
two-dimensional Ising model, 475–477
orbital motion, 412
paramagnetism (see Paramagnetism)
polarizable media, 413–419
spin systems, paramagnetism, 434–463
thermodynamics, 413–419
Magnetic susceptibility
and adiabatic demagnetization, 428–433
ground level atoms/ions, 449–454
Magnetism
adiabatic demagnetization, 428–433
magnetic
dipolar media, 427–428
susceptibility, 428–433
magnetizable systems, 433–434
thermodynamics, 427–428, 433–434
Magnetization
bulk sample, 452
Curie expression, 454
ferromagnetism, 473
Helmholtz energy, 471
macroscopic magnetic moment, 433
magnetic
moment, 451
susceptibility, 442
N -spin chain, 471
per-particle temperature dependence, 445
phenomenological equation of state, 431
reversible, 431
Methane, 120, 319, 321
Microscopics
basic postulate, 131–139
classical ideal gas equation of state, 4–9
configurations, 129–139
quantum
mechanical origins, 412
state, 129, 130
Microstate
BE/FD, 516
composite system, 138
lowest-lying, 136
microcanonical ensemble, 166
occupation numbers, 135
quantum, 2
and relative probabilities, 132
translational, 149
See also Macrostates
Molecular systems
Boltzmann probabilities, 259–260
diatomic (see Diatomic molecules)
Helmholtz and Gibbs energies, 258
hindered rotational motions
internal rotation in ethane, 343–346
setting, 342–343
ideal polyatomic gas, 311–322
internal states, 259
N -particle translational and internal
partition functions, 258
nuclear spin effects, 322–336
number of particles, 513