680
Index
Excited electronic states
atomic state contributions, 213
configuration, 641
contributions, 228–230
IBr molecule, 506
influence, 233–235
multi-electron atom, 456
setting, 224–228
thermal energies, 224
F
Fermi–Dirac (FD) statistics
chemical potential, 534–536
electrons in
metals, 538–552
semiconductors, 552–564
ideal Fermi gas, 531–534
zero-temperature Fermi distribution,
536–538
Fermion, 514
half-odd-integer values, 226
homonuclear diatomic molecule, 291
occupation number, 521
single-particle states, 535
Ferromagnetism
correlation between spins, 472–475
one-dimensional Ising chain, 467–472
setting, 463–466
two-dimensional Ising model, 475–477
Fluctuations
computer-generated snapshots, 12–14
early time evolution, 12, 16
instantaneous snapshots, 11
local fluctuations, 15
macroscopic number, 582
magnetic susceptibility, 442
number of
particles, 194–199, 580
photons, 580
probability, 12
G
Grand ensemble
canonical ensemble, 185
fluctuations, 194–199
grand partition function, 184–185
open systems, 155–160, 184–199
thermodynamics, 186–194
See also Canonical ensemble
Ground electronic term atoms
canonical partition function, 214–218
isothermal–isobaric partition function,
218–219
Si and Ge, 144
translational vs. internal state contributions,
219–221
H
Hamiltonian mechanics
coordinates and momenta, 665–669
dynamical variable, 683
independent variables, 678
Hamilton’s equations
dynamical variable, 683–684
energy conservation, 677
equation of motion, 683–684
phase space, 382, 678
principle and generating functions,
678–683
Heat
capacities (see Heat capacity)
engines/refrigerators (see Engines)
isothermal expansion, 37
reservoir, 37, 79
spin isotopomers, 297
transfer, 33
Heat capacity
concept of, 27
constant volume, 40, 234
contribution, 347
Debye model, 617
difference, 48–51
Einstein model calculations, 245, 249
electronic contribution, 543
metallic silver, 548
monatomic solids, 244
He atom, 637–640
I
Ideal gas, 376–379
Carnot cycle, 55–60
compressibility factor isotherms, 102
of electrons, 538
equation of state, 4–9
expression, 31
microscopic derivation, 4–9
quantum state, 9–11, 60–64
structureless classical particles, 44
Index
Excited electronic states
atomic state contributions, 213
configuration, 641
contributions, 228–230
IBr molecule, 506
influence, 233–235
multi-electron atom, 456
setting, 224–228
thermal energies, 224
F
Fermi–Dirac (FD) statistics
chemical potential, 534–536
electrons in
metals, 538–552
semiconductors, 552–564
ideal Fermi gas, 531–534
zero-temperature Fermi distribution,
536–538
Fermion, 514
half-odd-integer values, 226
homonuclear diatomic molecule, 291
occupation number, 521
single-particle states, 535
Ferromagnetism
correlation between spins, 472–475
one-dimensional Ising chain, 467–472
setting, 463–466
two-dimensional Ising model, 475–477
Fluctuations
computer-generated snapshots, 12–14
early time evolution, 12, 16
instantaneous snapshots, 11
local fluctuations, 15
macroscopic number, 582
magnetic susceptibility, 442
number of
particles, 194–199, 580
photons, 580
probability, 12
G
Grand ensemble
canonical ensemble, 185
fluctuations, 194–199
grand partition function, 184–185
open systems, 155–160, 184–199
thermodynamics, 186–194
See also Canonical ensemble
Ground electronic term atoms
canonical partition function, 214–218
isothermal–isobaric partition function,
218–219
Si and Ge, 144
translational vs. internal state contributions,
219–221
H
Hamiltonian mechanics
coordinates and momenta, 665–669
dynamical variable, 683
independent variables, 678
Hamilton’s equations
dynamical variable, 683–684
energy conservation, 677
equation of motion, 683–684
phase space, 382, 678
principle and generating functions,
678–683
Heat
capacities (see Heat capacity)
engines/refrigerators (see Engines)
isothermal expansion, 37
reservoir, 37, 79
spin isotopomers, 297
transfer, 33
Heat capacity
concept of, 27
constant volume, 40, 234
contribution, 347
Debye model, 617
difference, 48–51
Einstein model calculations, 245, 249
electronic contribution, 543
metallic silver, 548
monatomic solids, 244
He atom, 637–640
I
Ideal gas, 376–379
Carnot cycle, 55–60
compressibility factor isotherms, 102
of electrons, 538
equation of state, 4–9
expression, 31
microscopic derivation, 4–9
quantum state, 9–11, 60–64
structureless classical particles, 44