Fig. 2 Flowchart of the stepwise approach for developing a protective formulation for lactic acid bacteria that
is compatible with an efficient freeze-drying process. CP cell pellet, PS protective solution, DSC differential
scanning calorimetry, FDM freeze-drying microscopy, Tg
0 glass transition temperature of the maximally
freeze-concentrated phase, Tcoll collapse temperature
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Fernanda Fonseca et al.