381
Index
H
Heart attack, see Myocardial infarction
Heart function and structure
blood circulation, 172–173
cardiac excitation process, 174–176
cardiac muscle, 173–174
Heart sounds, 244
Heart vector, 180
High-boost filters, 54–56
High-pass filters, 53–54
His bundle, 175
Histogram equalization, 44–47
Hodgkin–Huxley model, 164–166
Hoffman coding, 117–118
Hormone adrenaline, 181
I
Ideal high-pass filters, 60
Ideal low-pass filters, 59–60
Image capturing, 9
Image enhancement, see Image filtering
Image filtering
frequency-domain filtering
sharpening filters in frequency
domain, 60–61
smoothing filters in frequency
domain, 59–60
mask processing
low-pass filter, 48–50
3 × 3 mask, 47–48
median filter, 50–52
sharpening spatial filters, 53–58
point processing
bit-level slicing, 43–44
contrast enhancement, 41–43
definition, 40
histogram equalization, 44–47
Image histogram, 11–13
Image processing methods, see Signal and image
processing methods
Image registration, 118–121
Image representation, 9–11
Image restoration, see Image filtering
Image segmentation
line detection methods, 71–73
point detection methods, 70–71
region and object segmentation
using luminance thresholding, 73–75
quad-tree algorithm, 76–77
region growing, 75–76
Impulse function, 17–19
Information theory
data representation and coding, 116–117
entropy, 114–116
Hoffman coding, 117–118
Infrared imaging, 369–370
Inverse continuous wavelet transform (ICWT), 87
Inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), 27–28
Ion transport
molecular model, cell membrane, 155–156
transmembrane potential, 156–160
Ischemia, 184
K
K-means clustering method, 131–134
L
Laplacian of Gaussian edge detection, 66–67
Left-bundle-branch block (LBBB), 187–189
Linear filtering in space domain, see Mask
processing
Linear systems analysis, 24–26
Line detection methods, 71–73
Low-pass Butterworth filter, frequency response,
35–36
Low-pass filter, 48–50
M
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
applications, 301
vs. CT, 305
description, 283
discovery, 283
feature extraction, 305
filtering method, wavelet coefficients, 305
functional
BOLD, 299–300
brain mapping, 297–298
design, 299
EPI, 299
FLASH, 299
oxy and deoxyhemoglobin, 298–299
interpolation methods, 303–304
magnetic field gradient diagram, 291–292
phase coding, 293
physical and physiological principles
chemical elements, 288
gyromagnetic ratio, 288
magnetic dipoles, 285
nuclear magnetization, 285–286
precession process, 286–287
proton spin, 285
resonance process, 288–291
physiological noise, 304
principle idea, 283
pulse resonance imaging algorithm, 294
pulse sequence design, 295
reconstruction
averaging process, 296
Index
H
Heart attack, see Myocardial infarction
Heart function and structure
blood circulation, 172–173
cardiac excitation process, 174–176
cardiac muscle, 173–174
Heart sounds, 244
Heart vector, 180
High-boost filters, 54–56
High-pass filters, 53–54
His bundle, 175
Histogram equalization, 44–47
Hodgkin–Huxley model, 164–166
Hoffman coding, 117–118
Hormone adrenaline, 181
I
Ideal high-pass filters, 60
Ideal low-pass filters, 59–60
Image capturing, 9
Image enhancement, see Image filtering
Image filtering
frequency-domain filtering
sharpening filters in frequency
domain, 60–61
smoothing filters in frequency
domain, 59–60
mask processing
low-pass filter, 48–50
3 × 3 mask, 47–48
median filter, 50–52
sharpening spatial filters, 53–58
point processing
bit-level slicing, 43–44
contrast enhancement, 41–43
definition, 40
histogram equalization, 44–47
Image histogram, 11–13
Image processing methods, see Signal and image
processing methods
Image registration, 118–121
Image representation, 9–11
Image restoration, see Image filtering
Image segmentation
line detection methods, 71–73
point detection methods, 70–71
region and object segmentation
using luminance thresholding, 73–75
quad-tree algorithm, 76–77
region growing, 75–76
Impulse function, 17–19
Information theory
data representation and coding, 116–117
entropy, 114–116
Hoffman coding, 117–118
Infrared imaging, 369–370
Inverse continuous wavelet transform (ICWT), 87
Inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), 27–28
Ion transport
molecular model, cell membrane, 155–156
transmembrane potential, 156–160
Ischemia, 184
K
K-means clustering method, 131–134
L
Laplacian of Gaussian edge detection, 66–67
Left-bundle-branch block (LBBB), 187–189
Linear filtering in space domain, see Mask
processing
Linear systems analysis, 24–26
Line detection methods, 71–73
Low-pass Butterworth filter, frequency response,
35–36
Low-pass filter, 48–50
M
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
applications, 301
vs. CT, 305
description, 283
discovery, 283
feature extraction, 305
filtering method, wavelet coefficients, 305
functional
BOLD, 299–300
brain mapping, 297–298
design, 299
EPI, 299
FLASH, 299
oxy and deoxyhemoglobin, 298–299
interpolation methods, 303–304
magnetic field gradient diagram, 291–292
phase coding, 293
physical and physiological principles
chemical elements, 288
gyromagnetic ratio, 288
magnetic dipoles, 285
nuclear magnetization, 285–286
precession process, 286–287
proton spin, 285
resonance process, 288–291
physiological noise, 304
principle idea, 283
pulse resonance imaging algorithm, 294
pulse sequence design, 295
reconstruction
averaging process, 296