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X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography
somewhat irregular bone density distribution and, more prominently, the worn
edges of the vertebrae.
a. Using MATLAB, split the image into three separate images, each showing
the vertebrae from one specific angle.
b. D esign a thresholding method to determine the most obvious locations of
osteoporosis outlined by the red ellipse. Osteoporosis is determined based
on the increased x-ray transmission and the scale of apparent bone thickness illustrated in the insert (darker image tone due to increased oxidation
of the photographic plate).
c. In each image, find the major and minor axis of each vertebra. The length
of these axes identifies a potential deformation of the vertebrae. Find eccentricity of each vertebra.
d. The angle between vertebrae is an important indicator for spine problems.
Use edge detection to find the outline of the vertebrae. Determine the
angle between the three lower vertebrae of the lumbar spine in the image.
14.5 R ead image file “p_14_5.jpg.” Image “p_14_5.jpg” shows the axial and sagittal
views of the lumbar spine region (L1 and L2) of a patient with relatively normal
bone mass density.* This region of the spine is predominantly of interest in the
determination of bone QCT of DXA in the assessment of bone mass measurement. DXA measures total bone (cortical and trabecular) as well as extraosseous
mineral, which is visible in the image. This patient exhibits aortic calcifications that would also be misclassified as bone in DXA; however, the locations
would indicate the lack of structural benefit in spinal bone formation and can be
excluded.
a. The file contains four images. Use MATLAB to separate the four images
and display the images separately.
b. In each image, find the major and minor axis of each vertebra. The length of
these axes identifies a potential deformation of the vertebrae. Find eccentricity of each vertebra.
c. The angle between vertebrae is an important indicator for spine problems.
Use edge detection to find the outline of the vertebrae. Determine the
angle between the vertebrae.
d. Design a thresholding method to determine the most obvious locations of
osteoporosis outlined by the red ellipse. Osteoporosis is determined based
on the increased x-ray transmission and the scale of apparent bone thickness illustrated in the insert (darker image tone due to increased oxidation
of the photographic plate).
14.6 Read image files “p_14_6_a.jpg” and “p_14_6_b.jpg.” Image “p_14_6_a.jpg” is
an x-ray film image of a 62 year old male pelvic bone, and “p_14_6_b.jpg” is the
x-ray film image of a 21 year old female pelvic bone. † Use edge detection methods to outline the pelvic bone structure, scaling, and nonlinear deformation to
register the male pelvis with the female pelvis.
* Courtesy of Mindways Software, Inc., San Francisco, CA; Courtesy of Keenan Brown.
† Courtesy of MedPix. http://rad.usuhs.mil/medpix/
X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography
somewhat irregular bone density distribution and, more prominently, the worn
edges of the vertebrae.
a. Using MATLAB, split the image into three separate images, each showing
the vertebrae from one specific angle.
b. D esign a thresholding method to determine the most obvious locations of
osteoporosis outlined by the red ellipse. Osteoporosis is determined based
on the increased x-ray transmission and the scale of apparent bone thickness illustrated in the insert (darker image tone due to increased oxidation
of the photographic plate).
c. In each image, find the major and minor axis of each vertebra. The length
of these axes identifies a potential deformation of the vertebrae. Find eccentricity of each vertebra.
d. The angle between vertebrae is an important indicator for spine problems.
Use edge detection to find the outline of the vertebrae. Determine the
angle between the three lower vertebrae of the lumbar spine in the image.
14.5 R ead image file “p_14_5.jpg.” Image “p_14_5.jpg” shows the axial and sagittal
views of the lumbar spine region (L1 and L2) of a patient with relatively normal
bone mass density.* This region of the spine is predominantly of interest in the
determination of bone QCT of DXA in the assessment of bone mass measurement. DXA measures total bone (cortical and trabecular) as well as extraosseous
mineral, which is visible in the image. This patient exhibits aortic calcifications that would also be misclassified as bone in DXA; however, the locations
would indicate the lack of structural benefit in spinal bone formation and can be
excluded.
a. The file contains four images. Use MATLAB to separate the four images
and display the images separately.
b. In each image, find the major and minor axis of each vertebra. The length of
these axes identifies a potential deformation of the vertebrae. Find eccentricity of each vertebra.
c. The angle between vertebrae is an important indicator for spine problems.
Use edge detection to find the outline of the vertebrae. Determine the
angle between the vertebrae.
d. Design a thresholding method to determine the most obvious locations of
osteoporosis outlined by the red ellipse. Osteoporosis is determined based
on the increased x-ray transmission and the scale of apparent bone thickness illustrated in the insert (darker image tone due to increased oxidation
of the photographic plate).
14.6 Read image files “p_14_6_a.jpg” and “p_14_6_b.jpg.” Image “p_14_6_a.jpg” is
an x-ray film image of a 62 year old male pelvic bone, and “p_14_6_b.jpg” is the
x-ray film image of a 21 year old female pelvic bone. † Use edge detection methods to outline the pelvic bone structure, scaling, and nonlinear deformation to
register the male pelvis with the female pelvis.
* Courtesy of Mindways Software, Inc., San Francisco, CA; Courtesy of Keenan Brown.
† Courtesy of MedPix. http://rad.usuhs.mil/medpix/